Publicity, Propaganda and Press: All India Muslim League in Propagation of Demand for Pakistan
The evolution and growth of press in the Subcontinent revolutionized the flow of information and propagation of political activities. All-India Muslim League went through the process of reorganization in the late 1930's and the new political resolve needed more publicity and propaganda to expand further among the masses. League handled the need of the hour by starting its party-owned newspapers while the provincial Leagues and some of the League organs launched their newspapers to publicize policy and program of the party. The major share in the press came from the Leaguers and pro League newspapers from all over India. The last phase of the freedom movement witnessed the emergence of a more radical and outspoken press in support of the demand for Pakistan. Overseas publicity and press remained weak ground for League due it financial constraints. The Middle East zone was omnipresent in League's activities due to its Islamist stance.England publicity wing started working quite late but it remained successful in making a mark over the minds of the public. The American front was neglected and only a few appearances were available to propagate League and its demand for Pakistan.
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Press, League, Propaganda, Demand for Pakistan, Newspapers
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(1) Muhammad Anwar
Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies and History, National University of Modern, Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Shahzad Qaisar
Lecturer (Visiting), Department of Pakistan Studies and History, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Jamila Begum
Lecturer, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Coverage of Women's Empowerment Issue in Pakistani Newspapers: An Agenda-Setting Perspective
In the current research, a quantitative content analysis of four leading newspapers Dawn, Daily Times, Nawa-i-waqt, and Daily Jang was conducted to investigate the patterns of coverage of women empowerment. The time period for this study consisted of November 2023 to April 2024. The results showed that Urdu newspapers gave more coverage to the issue at hand as compared to English newspapers and Nawa-i-waqt gave the maximum amount of news regarding women empowerment as compared to other newspapers. The outcome of this research revealed that Pakistani Urdu newspapers give suitable coverage to women empowerment-related news, although different newspapers use different agendas to portray news related to women empowerment, such as political empowerment, social empowerment, economic empowerment, and education empowerment. The results showed that more importance was given to political and social empowerment and the common agenda of these four newspapers was social and political empowerment.
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Women Empowerment, Pakistani newspapers, Agenda Setting, Political Empowerment, Social Empowerment, Women in Print Media
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(1) Samia Manzoor
Assistant Professor, Institute of Media and Communication Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Fatima Mushtaq
MPhil Scholar, Institute of Media and Communication Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Sabiha Ibrahim
MPhil Scholar, Institute of Media and Communication Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.