Understanding Pashtunwali and the Manifestation of Pashtun Nationalism in Pakistan: A Conceptual Analysis
This paper describes the key elements of Pashtunwali and the manifestation of Pashtun nationalism, especially in Pakistan. This study on Pashtun nationalism finds that Pashtunwali is a centuries-old primordial customary code of life and it is important in the context of nationalism as it strengthens the sentiments and feelings of closeness and affinity; central to the phenomenon of nationalism, among the Pashtuns. This paper also highlights two different aspects of Pashtun nationalism in Pakistan. In the formative phase of Pakistans independence, the stance of Pashtun nationalists was more inclined towards the idea of a separate state for the Pashtuns. However, as a result of various factors; including state policies, currently the manifestation of Pashtun nationalism has adopted the internal dimension of highlighting and struggling for the rights of the Pashtuns in the ambit of the Pakistani constitution and by remaining an integral and constitutional part of the country.
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Pashtunwali, Primordialism, Pashtun Nationalism
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(1) Surat Khan
Ph.D. Scholar,Department of Political Science,University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP. Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Faheem
Lecturer,Department of Regional Studies,University of Peshawar, Peshawar, K.P Pakistan.
(3) Saima Gul
Lecturer,Department of International Relations,University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
Revisiting Ideological Boundaries of Pakistani Nationalism: A Study of Aslam's The Blind Man's Garden
This study explores the shattered Pakistani nationalism in Nadeem Aslam's 'The Blind Man's Garden' (2013) in the context of the post-9/11 invading military globalism and reactionary social globalism. Focusing on Nadeem Aslam's hallmark work, 'The Blind Man's Garden' (2013), this article not only explores the current foundationless nationalism of Pakistan as the byproduct of undue chauvinism instead of being the outcome of its real ideology but also stresses the need for renewal of ideological boundaries of Pakistan in the light of current sweeping effects of thick globalism. Being a diaspora and much influenced by the secularity of the host society, Aslam seems to be desirous of featuring the nationalist inscription of home society in accordance with the global world, as is revealed from the roles played by his characters like Mikal etc. in the novel. The study motivates us to revisit the national myths with an aim to devise the marks of nationalism, provided if we are to rehabilitate our national identity.
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Nation, Nationalism, Globalism, Globalization, Pakistani Literature in English
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(1) Atta-ul-Mustafa
Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities & Linguistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Ghulam Murtaza
Associate Professor, Department of English, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Ali Usman Saleem
Assistant Professor, Department of English, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Issue of Identity in Jamaica's A Small Place and Hamid's The Reluctant Fundamentalist: A Comparative Postcolonial Study
The study analyzes the issue of identity under postcolonialism by comparing two postcolonial novels from different countries. The data consists of selected textual passages taken from the two works to invoke comparative study. Hamid presents that America is acting like a Neo-colonial power to show its superiority, while Kincaid evinces the realistic manner that depicts the inferiority of indigenous culture, which is also the result of Neo-colonialism. Postcolonial theory is used as a research methodology. Homi K. Bhaba's concepts of identity, hybridity, mimicry and otherness provide a basic framework for the research. Fanon's concept of national identity will also provide support for the completion of this research. The research concludes that the elite and educated class should seek identity from their own culture rather than adopting the westernized mimic culture, which makes them an inferior race in order to show their own superiority.
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Identity Crisis, Hybridity, Nationalism, Liminal Space
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(1) Arshad Nawaz
Lecturer, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Hafizabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Mazhar Hayat
Professor, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Nimra Iftikhar
M.Phil in English, Minhaj University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
01 Pages : 1-8
http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-IV).01 10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-IV).01 Published : Dec 2021ISPR Productions vs. Nationalism, Inclination to Join Army and Image Building: Case of Pakistan's Military Operations
This study targets to investigate the impact of Inter-Services of Public Relations (ISPR) production, broadcasted during the war against terrorism, on Pakistani youth. It is hypothesized that ISPR productions have helped in inflating the motivation level of Pakistani youth, thus helping in promoting the nationalism and positive image of Pakistan. Furthermore, the role of ISPR productions in motivating youth to join Pakistan's Army is also explored. A cross-sectional survey research design was used. The sample of this study was comprised of youth aged between 18 to 24 years, selected through the non-probability purposive sample. The measures comprised of a self-constructed indigenous questionnaire assessing the impact of ISPR productions during a military operation in image building, promotion of nationalism and motivation to join the army. The data analyzed through SPSS Version 22.00 yielded insightful findings. The finding revealed that watching ISPR productions helped in instilling a fervent attitude of Pakistani youth towards nationalism and the Pakistani military. There had been a clearer inclination of youth to aspire for joining the military for upholding the nationalism beliefs, and this finding appears promising, keeping in mind the relative declining opinion that has been observed in youth from the past decade pertaining to nationalism and military operations.
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ISPR Productions, the War against Terrorism, Image Building, Nationalism, Inclination to Join the Army and Pakistani Youth
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(1) Rubab Musarrat
Lecturer, National University of Modern Languages, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Muniba Fatima Zahra
Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Media and Communication Studies, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Amna Ashraf
Lecturer, National University of Modern Languages, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.