SEARCH ARTICLE

07 Pages : 105-114

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-I).07      10.31703/gssr.2017(II-I).07      Published : Jun 2017

Varying Written Perspectives on Politics of Pakistan

    Every discipline has its own specific perspective. The very difference of varying perspectives draws a line primarily between scientific and nonscientific knowledge. Then, amongst sciences it differentiates the rational from the empirical sciences. Apart from the natural sciences social sciences also utilize both rational and empirical approaches to science. Even, with in both of these perspectives there are also some other perspectives of social sciences. The present paper attempts to explore these perspectives as per the varying approaches of the respective writers contributing to the domain of the politics of Pakistan. A number of scholars have explored the politics of Pakistan. A brief review of them shows that they have studied the phenomenon of politics in Pakistan as per their respective approaches. The varying perspectives of these researchers can broadly be categorised into four main approaches i.e. 'Elitist Approach', 'Marxian Approach', 'Ideological Approach', and 'Praetorian Approach'. Every researcher of social science should necessarily understand the difference of these perspectives before initiating his investigation in to the politics of Pakistan. This paper aims to engulf the writings of all the potential writers in this field.

    Politics, Elitist, Marxist, Ideological, Praetorian, Approaches, Perspectives, Pakistan.
    (1) Sajid Mahmood Awan
    Senior Research Fellow at the National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research (NIHCR), Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
    (2) Sana Hussan
    Senior Research Fellow, Humanity Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan

34 Pages : 338-347

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).34      10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).34      Published : Jun 2022

Posthumanism and Dystopian Biotechnologies: A Subtext of Ideological Maneuvering and Construction of Imploded Identities in Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go

    Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go (Never) exposes the oppressive role of ideology in imploding human identity through societal training, education, and the social roles of clones in the human world. Cloning is another marvel of biotechnology which has given birth to many optimistic as well as pessimistic narratives. The post human narrative is central to dystopia as it tends to put forward the regressive use of biotechnology that has the potential to disrupt the essential human identity and implement a sort of reduction-ism which manifest gratification and conformity. The desire to indoctrinate conformity indicates the late capitalistic tactics of commodification which results in an identity implosion. The paper asserts that ideological maneuvering and construction of imploded identities are exhibited through dystopian bio-technologies in the agency of post humanism, which represent com-modified identity politics. The post human, in this context, serves as the Other of stratified human identity.

    Clones, Commodification, Dystopian Biotechnologies, Implosion, Identity, Ideological Maneuvering, Other, Social Stratification.
    (1) Muhammad Mahmood Ahmad Shaheen
    Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government Sadiq Egerton Graduate College, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
    (2) Sohail Ahmad Saeed
    Assistant Professor, Department of English Literature, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
    (3) Ahmad Naeem
    Lecturer, Department of English Language and Literature, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, KP, Pakistan