HUMAN CAPITAL AND FOREIGN REMITTANCES IN PAKISTAN

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).16      10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).16      Published : Jun 2
Authored by : Muhammad Yasir Nadeem , Ahmed Raza Cheema

16 Pages : 163 - 175

References

  • Abu-Ghaida, D., & Klasen, S. (2004). The costs of missing the Millennium Development Goal on gender equity. World Development, 32(7), 1075-1107.
  • costa, P., Fajnzylber, P., & Lopez, J. H. (2007). The impact of remittances on poverty and human capital: evidence from Latin American household surveys, 4247. World Bank Publications.
  • Ahmed, J., & Martinez-Zarzoso, I. (2013). Blessing or Curse: The Stabilizing Role of Remittance, Foreign Aid and FDI to Pakistan. Foreign Aid and FDI to Pakistan (May 7, 2013).
  • Ahmed, T., Jahan, K., Kaisar, H., &Mirza, H. Q. (2014). Significance of Human Capital Reporting in Investment decisions: Bangladesh Perspective. Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 4(3), 282-295.
  • Amuedo-Dorantes, C., & Pozo, S. (2010). Accounting for remittance and migration effects on children’s schooling. World Development, 38(12), 1747-1759.
  • Arif, R., & Chaudhry, A. (2015). The effects of external migration on enrolments, accumulated schooling and dropouts in Punjab. Applied Economics, 47(16), 1607- 1632.
  • Asad, M., Hashmi, S. H., & Yousaf, S. (2016). Nexus between workers’ remittances, unemployment, labor migration and economic growth in Pakistan. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 5, 360- 379.
  • Azizi, S. (2018). The impacts of workers' remittances on human capital and labor supply in developing countries. Economic Modeling, 75, 377-396.
  • Becker, G. S. (1993). Nobel lecture: The economic way of looking at behavior. Journal of political economy, 101(3), 385-409.
  • Becker, G. S. (2002). Human capital. The concise encyclopedia of economics, 2.
  • Borraz, F. (2005). Assessing the impact of remittances on schooling: The Mexicanexperience. Global Economy Journal, 5(1), 1850033.
  • Calero, C., Bedi, A. S., & Sparrow, R. (2009). Remittances, liquidity constraints and human capital investments in Ecuador. World Development, 37(6), 1143-1154.
  • Chaaban, J., & Mansour, W. (2012, June). The impact of remittances on education in Jordan, Syria and Lebanon. In Economic Research Forum: Working Paper, 684.
  • Chang, F., Jiang, Y., Loyalka, P., Chu, J., Shi, Y., Osborn, A., & Rozelle, S. (2019). Parental migration, educational achievement, and mental health of junior high school students in rural China. China Economic Review, 54, 337-349.
  • Cheema, A. R., &Sial, M. H. (2012). Poverty, income inequality, and growth in Pakistan: A pooled regression analysis. The Lahore Journal of Economics, 17(2), 137.
  • De Haas, H. (2007). Remittances, migration and social development. A conceptual review of the literature.
  • Démurger, S., & Wang, X. (2016). Remittances and expenditure patterns of the left-behinds in rural China. China Economic Review, 37, 177-190.
  • Dietz, B., Gatskova, K., & Ivlevs, A. (2015). Emigration, remittances and the education of children staying behind: Evidence from Tajikistan.
  • Ebeke, C. H. (2012). The power of remittances on the international prevalence of child labor. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 23(4), 452-462.
  • Edwards, A. C., & Ureta, M. (2003). International migration, remittances, and schooling: evidence from El Salvador. Journal of development economics, 72(2), 429-461.
  • Faridi, M. Z., & Mehmood, K. A. (2014). Workers’ remittances and poverty in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS), 34(1), 13-27.
  • Fatima, K., &Qayyum, A. (2016). Analyzing the Effect of Remittances on Rural Households in Pakistan. Turkish Economic Review, 3(2), 292-299.
  • Fleming, N. (2016). Remittances: How international and domestic migration and remittances affect childhood school enrollment in Nepal. California State University, Fullerton.
  • Hanson, G. H., & Woodruff, C. (2003). Emigration and educational attainment in Mexico. Mimeo., University of California at San Diego.
  • Hassan, M. U., Mehmood, H., & Hassan, M. S. (2013). Consequences of workers remittances on human capital: an in-depth investigation for a case of Pakistan.
  • Hines, A. L., & Simpson, N. B. (2019). Migration, remittances and human capital investment in Kenya. Economic Notes: Review of Banking, Finance and Monetary Economics, 48(3), e12142.
  • Hopkins, M. (1991). Human development revisited: A new UNDP report. World Development, 19(10), 1469-1473.
  • Huay, C. S., & Bani, Y. (2018). Remittances, poverty and human capital: evidence from developing countries. International Journal of Social Economics.
  • Hussain, R., & Anjum, G. A. (2014). Worker’s remittances and GDP growth in Pakistan. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 4(2), 376-381.
  • Irdam, D. (2012). The impact of remittances on human development: A quantitative analysis and policy implications. Sociology, 5(1), 74- 95.
  • Javid, M., Arif, U., &Qayyum, A. (2012). Impact of remittances on economic growth and poverty. Academic Research International, 2(1), 433.
  • Khan, S. (2016). The Impact of International Migration on Children‟ s Education in Rural Gujrat, Pakistan. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 6(3), 226-229.
  • Khan, S. U., & Khan, M. J. (2016). The Impact of Remittances on Child Education in Pakistan. © Lahore School of Economics.
  • Klasen, S. (2002). Low schooling for girls, slower growth for all? Cross‐country evidence on the effect of gender inequality in education oneconomic development. The World Bank Economic Review, 16(3), 345-373.
  • Lu, Y., & Treiman, D. J. (2007). The effect of labor migration and remittances on children's education among blacks in South Africa.
  • Maimbo, S. M., & Ratha, D. (Eds.). (2005). Remittances: Development impact and future prospects. World Bank Publications.
  • Malik, K. (2015). Examining the relationship between received remittances and education in Malawi.
  • Matano, A., & Ramos, R. (2013). Remittances and educational outcomes: evidence for Moldova. AQR Research Group-IREA, Universitat de Barcelona, http://www. ub. edu/search project/wp- content/uploads/2013/05/SEARCH-WP- 3.10. pdf.
  • McAuliffe, M., & Khadria, B. (2019). Report overview: providing perspective on migration and mobility in increasingly uncertain times. World migration report, 1-14.
  • Mikhailenko, N. (2019). International labor migration and its impact on national economies. Upravlenie, 7(3), 127-132.
  • Mozumdar, L., Hagelaar, G., van der Velde, G., & Omta, S. W. F. (2020). Determinants of the business performance of women entrepreneurs in the developing world context. J, 3(2), 215-235.
  • Rathore, S. (2019-20). Economic Survey, 2.
  • Roser, M. (2014). Human development index (HDI). Our World in Data.
  • Salas, V. B. (2014). International remittances and human capital formation. World Development, 59, 224-237.
  • Schultz, T. P. (1994). Human capital and economic development.
  • Sharma, H. (2020). The effect of emigration and remittances on labour supply of the left- behind: Evidence from Nepal.
  • World Bank. (2018). World development report 2019: The changing nature of work. The World Bank.
  • Yang, D., & Choi, H. (2007). Are remittances insurance? Evidence from rainfall shocks inthe Philippines. The World Bank Economic Review, 21(2), 219-248.
  • Yang, D., & Martinez, C. (2006). Remittances and poverty in migrants’ home areas: Evidence from the Philippines. International migration, remittances and the brain drain, (3).
  • Abu-Ghaida, D., & Klasen, S. (2004). The costs of missing the Millennium Development Goal on gender equity. World Development, 32(7), 1075-1107.
  • costa, P., Fajnzylber, P., & Lopez, J. H. (2007). The impact of remittances on poverty and human capital: evidence from Latin American household surveys, 4247. World Bank Publications.
  • Ahmed, J., & Martinez-Zarzoso, I. (2013). Blessing or Curse: The Stabilizing Role of Remittance, Foreign Aid and FDI to Pakistan. Foreign Aid and FDI to Pakistan (May 7, 2013).
  • Ahmed, T., Jahan, K., Kaisar, H., &Mirza, H. Q. (2014). Significance of Human Capital Reporting in Investment decisions: Bangladesh Perspective. Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 4(3), 282-295.
  • Amuedo-Dorantes, C., & Pozo, S. (2010). Accounting for remittance and migration effects on children’s schooling. World Development, 38(12), 1747-1759.
  • Arif, R., & Chaudhry, A. (2015). The effects of external migration on enrolments, accumulated schooling and dropouts in Punjab. Applied Economics, 47(16), 1607- 1632.
  • Asad, M., Hashmi, S. H., & Yousaf, S. (2016). Nexus between workers’ remittances, unemployment, labor migration and economic growth in Pakistan. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 5, 360- 379.
  • Azizi, S. (2018). The impacts of workers' remittances on human capital and labor supply in developing countries. Economic Modeling, 75, 377-396.
  • Becker, G. S. (1993). Nobel lecture: The economic way of looking at behavior. Journal of political economy, 101(3), 385-409.
  • Becker, G. S. (2002). Human capital. The concise encyclopedia of economics, 2.
  • Borraz, F. (2005). Assessing the impact of remittances on schooling: The Mexicanexperience. Global Economy Journal, 5(1), 1850033.
  • Calero, C., Bedi, A. S., & Sparrow, R. (2009). Remittances, liquidity constraints and human capital investments in Ecuador. World Development, 37(6), 1143-1154.
  • Chaaban, J., & Mansour, W. (2012, June). The impact of remittances on education in Jordan, Syria and Lebanon. In Economic Research Forum: Working Paper, 684.
  • Chang, F., Jiang, Y., Loyalka, P., Chu, J., Shi, Y., Osborn, A., & Rozelle, S. (2019). Parental migration, educational achievement, and mental health of junior high school students in rural China. China Economic Review, 54, 337-349.
  • Cheema, A. R., &Sial, M. H. (2012). Poverty, income inequality, and growth in Pakistan: A pooled regression analysis. The Lahore Journal of Economics, 17(2), 137.
  • De Haas, H. (2007). Remittances, migration and social development. A conceptual review of the literature.
  • Démurger, S., & Wang, X. (2016). Remittances and expenditure patterns of the left-behinds in rural China. China Economic Review, 37, 177-190.
  • Dietz, B., Gatskova, K., & Ivlevs, A. (2015). Emigration, remittances and the education of children staying behind: Evidence from Tajikistan.
  • Ebeke, C. H. (2012). The power of remittances on the international prevalence of child labor. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 23(4), 452-462.
  • Edwards, A. C., & Ureta, M. (2003). International migration, remittances, and schooling: evidence from El Salvador. Journal of development economics, 72(2), 429-461.
  • Faridi, M. Z., & Mehmood, K. A. (2014). Workers’ remittances and poverty in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS), 34(1), 13-27.
  • Fatima, K., &Qayyum, A. (2016). Analyzing the Effect of Remittances on Rural Households in Pakistan. Turkish Economic Review, 3(2), 292-299.
  • Fleming, N. (2016). Remittances: How international and domestic migration and remittances affect childhood school enrollment in Nepal. California State University, Fullerton.
  • Hanson, G. H., & Woodruff, C. (2003). Emigration and educational attainment in Mexico. Mimeo., University of California at San Diego.
  • Hassan, M. U., Mehmood, H., & Hassan, M. S. (2013). Consequences of workers remittances on human capital: an in-depth investigation for a case of Pakistan.
  • Hines, A. L., & Simpson, N. B. (2019). Migration, remittances and human capital investment in Kenya. Economic Notes: Review of Banking, Finance and Monetary Economics, 48(3), e12142.
  • Hopkins, M. (1991). Human development revisited: A new UNDP report. World Development, 19(10), 1469-1473.
  • Huay, C. S., & Bani, Y. (2018). Remittances, poverty and human capital: evidence from developing countries. International Journal of Social Economics.
  • Hussain, R., & Anjum, G. A. (2014). Worker’s remittances and GDP growth in Pakistan. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 4(2), 376-381.
  • Irdam, D. (2012). The impact of remittances on human development: A quantitative analysis and policy implications. Sociology, 5(1), 74- 95.
  • Javid, M., Arif, U., &Qayyum, A. (2012). Impact of remittances on economic growth and poverty. Academic Research International, 2(1), 433.
  • Khan, S. (2016). The Impact of International Migration on Children‟ s Education in Rural Gujrat, Pakistan. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 6(3), 226-229.
  • Khan, S. U., & Khan, M. J. (2016). The Impact of Remittances on Child Education in Pakistan. © Lahore School of Economics.
  • Klasen, S. (2002). Low schooling for girls, slower growth for all? Cross‐country evidence on the effect of gender inequality in education oneconomic development. The World Bank Economic Review, 16(3), 345-373.
  • Lu, Y., & Treiman, D. J. (2007). The effect of labor migration and remittances on children's education among blacks in South Africa.
  • Maimbo, S. M., & Ratha, D. (Eds.). (2005). Remittances: Development impact and future prospects. World Bank Publications.
  • Malik, K. (2015). Examining the relationship between received remittances and education in Malawi.
  • Matano, A., & Ramos, R. (2013). Remittances and educational outcomes: evidence for Moldova. AQR Research Group-IREA, Universitat de Barcelona, http://www. ub. edu/search project/wp- content/uploads/2013/05/SEARCH-WP- 3.10. pdf.
  • McAuliffe, M., & Khadria, B. (2019). Report overview: providing perspective on migration and mobility in increasingly uncertain times. World migration report, 1-14.
  • Mikhailenko, N. (2019). International labor migration and its impact on national economies. Upravlenie, 7(3), 127-132.
  • Mozumdar, L., Hagelaar, G., van der Velde, G., & Omta, S. W. F. (2020). Determinants of the business performance of women entrepreneurs in the developing world context. J, 3(2), 215-235.
  • Rathore, S. (2019-20). Economic Survey, 2.
  • Roser, M. (2014). Human development index (HDI). Our World in Data.
  • Salas, V. B. (2014). International remittances and human capital formation. World Development, 59, 224-237.
  • Schultz, T. P. (1994). Human capital and economic development.
  • Sharma, H. (2020). The effect of emigration and remittances on labour supply of the left- behind: Evidence from Nepal.
  • World Bank. (2018). World development report 2019: The changing nature of work. The World Bank.
  • Yang, D., & Choi, H. (2007). Are remittances insurance? Evidence from rainfall shocks inthe Philippines. The World Bank Economic Review, 21(2), 219-248.
  • Yang, D., & Martinez, C. (2006). Remittances and poverty in migrants’ home areas: Evidence from the Philippines. International migration, remittances and the brain drain, (3).

Cite this article

    CHICAGO : Nadeem, Muhammad Yasir, and Ahmed Raza Cheema. 2022. "Human Capital and Foreign Remittances in Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review, VII (II): 163 - 175 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).16
    HARVARD : NADEEM, M. Y. & CHEEMA, A. R. 2022. Human Capital and Foreign Remittances in Pakistan. Global Social Sciences Review, VII, 163 - 175.
    MHRA : Nadeem, Muhammad Yasir, and Ahmed Raza Cheema. 2022. "Human Capital and Foreign Remittances in Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review, VII: 163 - 175
    MLA : Nadeem, Muhammad Yasir, and Ahmed Raza Cheema. "Human Capital and Foreign Remittances in Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review, VII.II (2022): 163 - 175 Print.
    OXFORD : Nadeem, Muhammad Yasir and Cheema, Ahmed Raza (2022), "Human Capital and Foreign Remittances in Pakistan", Global Social Sciences Review, VII (II), 163 - 175