CULTIVATING GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS PRESERVICE TEACHERS BELIEFS

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).33      10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).33      Published : Jun 2
Authored by : TayyabaKhalid , YaarMuhammad , MalahatSiddiqui

33 Pages : 326‒337

References

  • Ahmad, I. (2004). Islam, Democracy and Citizenship Education: An Examination of the Social Studies Curriculum in Pakistan. Current Issues in Comparative Education, 7(1), 39-49.
  • Al’Abri, K. M., Ambusaidi, A. K., & Alhadi, B. R. (2022). Promoting Global Citizenship Education (GCED) in the Sultanate of Oman: An Analysis of National Policies. Sustainability, 14(12), 7140. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127140
  • Bano, N., Hina, K., & Jumani, N. B. (2021). Gap analysis of Global Citizenship Education (GCED) and Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in Pre-Service Teacher Education Curriculum of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Distance and Online Learning . http://journal.aiou.edu.pk/journal1/index.php/PJDOL/article/view/779
  • Barchuk, Z., & Harkins, M. J. (2010). Why Teach About Globalization? Pre-service Teachers’ Perceptions of the Benefits and Challenges of Teaching Globalization Issues. Social Studies Research and Practice, 5(1), 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1108/ssrp-01-2010-b0003
  • Boni, A., & Calabuig, C. (2017). Education for global citizenship at universities: Potentialities of formal and informal learning spaces to foster cosmopolitanism. Journal of Studies in International Education, 21(1), 22-38.
  • Braskamp, L. A. (2010). Being effective interventionists to foster student global citizenship. Journal of College and Character, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.2202/1940- 1639.1014
  • Brinkmann, S., & Kvale, S. (2018). Doing interviews (2nd ed.). London: Sage.
  • Bromley, P. (2009). Cosmopolitanism in Civic Education: Exploring Cross-National Trends, 1970-2008. Current Issues in Comparative Education, 12(1), 33-44.
  • Bruce, J., North, C., & FitzPatrick, J. (2019). Pre- service teachers' views of global citizenship and implications for global citizenship education. Globalisation, Societies, and Education, 17(2), 161-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2018.1558049
  • Dean, B. L. (2005). Citizenship education in Pakistani schools: Problems and possibilities. Institute for Educational Development, 1(2), 35-55.
  • DiCicco, M. C. (2016). Global citizenship education within a context of accountability and 21st-century skills: The case of Olympus High School. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 24(57), 1-26.
  • Dimpfl, M., & Smith, S. (2019). Cosmopolitan sidestep: University life, intimate geopolitics, and the hidden costs of “Global” citizenship. Area, 51(4), 635-643. https://doi.org/10.1111/area.12497
  • Fathi, J., & Derakhshan, A. (2019). Teacher self- efficacy and emotional regulation as predictors of teaching stress: An investigation of Iranian English language teachers. Teaching the English Language, 13(2), 117- 143.
  • Fielden, J. (2006). Internationalisation and Leadership-What are the issues? Leadership Foundation Leadership Summit 2006.
  • Gallavan, N. P. (2008). Examining teacher candidates' views on teaching world citizenship. The Social Studies, 99(6), 249- 254.
  • Gaudelli, W., & Fernekes, W. R. (2004). Teaching about Global Human Rights for Global Citizenship. The Social Studies, 95(1), 16–26. https://doi.org/10.3200/tsss.95.1.16-26
  • González-Valencia, G., Ballbé, M., & Ortega- Sánchez, D. (2020). Global citizenship and analysis of social facts: Results of a study with pre-service teachers. Social Sciences, 9(5), 65.
  • Goren, H., & Yemini, M. (2016). Global citizenship education in context: Teacher perceptions at an international school and a local Israeli school. A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 46(5), 832-853. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2015.1111752
  • Goren, H., & Yemini, M. (2017). Global citizenship education redefined–A systematic review of empirical studies on globacitizenship education. International Journal of Educational Research, 82, 170-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2017.02.004
  • Green, M. F. (2012). Global citizenship: What are we talking about and why does it matter. Trends Insights for International Education Leaders, 8, 1-3.
  • Guimarães, F. F., & Finardi, K. R. (2021). Global citizenship education (GCE) in internationalisation: COIL as alternative Thirdspace. Globalisation, Societies, and Education, 19(5), 641-657. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2021.1875 808
  • Ibrahim, T. (2005). Global citizenship education: Mainstreaming the curriculum? Cambridge Journal of Education, 35(2), 177-194. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057640500146823
  • Idrissi, H. (2020). Exploring global citizenship learning and ecological Behaviour change through extracurricular activities. Internation Journal of Lifelong Education, 39(3), 272- 290. https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370.2020.1778805
  • Jamil, M., Muhammad, Y., & Qureshi, N. (2021). Critical thinking skills development: Secondary school science teachers’ perceptions and practices. Sir Syed Journal of Education & Social Research, 4(2), 21-30.
  • Khokhar, A. J., & Muhammad, Y. (2020). Islamic habitus in English language textbooks produced by boards in Pakistan The Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 10(1), 288–310.
  • Knight, J. (2012). Student mobility and internationalisation: Trends and tribulations. Research in Comparative and International Education, 7(1), 20-33. https://doi.org/10.2304/rcie.2012.7.1.20
  • Kopish, M. A. (2017). Global citizenship education and the development of globally competent teacher candidates. Journal of International Social Studies, 7(2), 20-59.
  • Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2015). Interviews: Learning the craft of qualitative researchnterviewing (3rd ed.). London, UK: Sage Publication.
  • Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2015). Interviews: Learning the craft of qualitative researchnterviewing (3rd ed.). London, UK: Sage Publication.
  • Larsen, M. A., & Searle, M. J. (2017). International service learning and critical global citizenship: A cross-case study of a Canadian teacher education alternative practicum. Teaching and Teacher Education, 63, 196–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.12.011
  • Lim, C. P. (2008). Global citizenship education, school curriculum and games: Learning Mathematics, English and Science as a global citizen. Computers & Education, 51(3), 1073– 1093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2007.10.005
  • MacIntyre, P. D., Gregersen, T., & Mercer, S. (2020). Language teachers’ coping strategies during the Covid-19 conversion to online teaching: Correlations with stress, wellbeing and negative emotions. System, 94, 102352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102352
  • Muhammad, Y. (2015). Pakistani national identity, cultural diversity and global perspective: A policy trajectory study of the national curriculum for secondary school Pakistan Studies in Punjab. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation), University of Tasmania, Tasmania.
  • Muhammad, Y., & Brett, P. (2015). Beyond binary discourses? Pakistan studies textbooks and representations of cultural, national, and global Identity. IARTEM e-Journal(Special Issue Dec.), 74-100.
  • Muhammad, Y., & Brett, P. (2017). Some challenges in teaching citizenship in an Islamic context: Pakistan Studies teachers’ perspectives and practices in relation to teaching about identity. Citizenship Teaching & Learning, 12(3), 279–298. https://doi.org/10.1386/ctl.12.3.279_1
  • Muhammad, Y., & Brett, P. (2019). Addressing social justice and cultural identity in Pakistani education: A qualitative content analysis of curriculum policy. In Education, ethnicity, and equity in the multilingual Asian context, 235-253. New York: Springer.
  • Muhammad, Y., Masood, S., & Anis, F. (2019). Global identity, curricular reform, and Pakistan studies textbooks: Understanding teachers’ perceptions and beliefs. Journal of Educational Sciences & Research, 6(1), 65-78.
  • Muhammad, Y., & Brett, P. (2020). Infusing cultural diversity into Pakistan Studies textbooks: An analysis of textbooks and teachers’ perspectives. In M. S. Pervez (Ed.), Radicalisation in Pakistan: A Critical Perspective, 61-76. London: Routledge.
  • Mundy, K., & Manion, C. (2008). Global Education in Canadian Elementary Schools: An Exploratory Study. Canadian Journal of Education, 31(4), 941-974.
  • Naseer, R. (2012). Citizenship education in Pakistan. Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies, 4(3), 1-16.
  • Noddings, N. (2005). Educating citizens for global awareness (1st ed.). Amsterdam Avenue, NY: Teachers College Press.
  • OXFAM. (2006). Education for global citizenship: A guide for schools. http://www.oxfam.org.uk/educa-tion/gc
  • Pais, A., & Costa, M. (2020). An ideology critique of global citizenship education. Critical Studies in Education, 61(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2017.1318772
  • Pasha, A. (2015). Global citizenship in Pakistan. International Journal of Development Education and Global Learning, 7(1), 33–52. https://doi.org/10.18546/ijdegl.07.1.03
  • Pashby, K. (2011). Cultivating global citizens: planting new seeds or pruning the perennials? Looking for the citizen-subject in global citizenship education theory. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 9(3–4), 427–442. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2011.605326
  • Pigozzi, M. J. (2006). A UNESCO view of global citizenship education. Educational Review, 58(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131910500352473
  • Rauf, A., Muhammad, Y., & Saeed, A. (2021). Citizenship rights and responsibilities in history textbooks of elite schools in Pakistan:A qualitative content analysis. Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, 58(2), 235-246.
  • Rapoport, A. (2009). A forgotten concept: Global citizenship education and state social studies standards. The Journal of Social Studies Research, 33(1), 91-112.
  • Reynolds, R., Macqueen, S., & Ferguson-Patrick, K. (2019). Educating for global citizenship: Australia as a case study. International Journal of Development Education and Global Learning, 11(1), 103–119. https://doi.org/10.18546/ijdegl.11.1.07
  • Saleem, A., Muhammad, Y., & Masood, S. (2019). Negative emotions and self-created challenges of novice public-school teachers in managing classroom behavior. Journal of Elementary Education, 29(2), 178-195.
  • Schattle, H. (2010). Global citizenship in theory and practice. In The handbook of practice and research in study abroad , 25-42. London, England: Routledge.
  • Schweisfurth, M. (2006). Education for global citizenship: teacher agency and curricular structure in Ontario schools. Educational Review, 58(1), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131910500352648
  • Smith, W. C., Fraser, P., Chykina, V., Ikoma, S., Levitan, J., Liu, J., & Mahfouz, J. (2017). Global citizenship and the importance of education in a globally integrated world. Globalisation, Societies, and Education, 15(5), 648-665. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2016.1222896
  • Syeda, R. K. (2012). A Study of Causes of Decline in Citizenship Education in Pakistan at Secondary Level. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstra ct_id=3374281
  • Tari, D. K., & Rosana, D. (2019). Contextual teaching and learning to develop critical thinking and practical skills. Paper presented at the Journal of Physics: Conference Series.
  • UNO. (n.d). Global Citizenship. https://www.un.org/en/academic-impact/globalcitizenship#:~:text=Global%20citizenship%20is%20the%20umbrella,communities%20on%20a%20worldwide%20scale
  • Wang, C., & Hoffman, D. M. (2016). Are WE the world? A critical reflection on selfhood and global citizenship education. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 24, 56. https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.24.2152
  • Woolley, R., Hyde, B., & Adams, K. (2008). The spiritual dimension of childhood (1st ed.). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  • Zheng, Y., & Walsham, G. (2021). Inequality of what? An intersectional approach to digital inequality under Covid-19. Information and Organization, 31(1), 100341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2021.10 0341
  • Ahmad, I. (2004). Islam, Democracy and Citizenship Education: An Examination of the Social Studies Curriculum in Pakistan. Current Issues in Comparative Education, 7(1), 39-49.
  • Al’Abri, K. M., Ambusaidi, A. K., & Alhadi, B. R. (2022). Promoting Global Citizenship Education (GCED) in the Sultanate of Oman: An Analysis of National Policies. Sustainability, 14(12), 7140. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127140
  • Bano, N., Hina, K., & Jumani, N. B. (2021). Gap analysis of Global Citizenship Education (GCED) and Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in Pre-Service Teacher Education Curriculum of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Distance and Online Learning . http://journal.aiou.edu.pk/journal1/index.php/PJDOL/article/view/779
  • Barchuk, Z., & Harkins, M. J. (2010). Why Teach About Globalization? Pre-service Teachers’ Perceptions of the Benefits and Challenges of Teaching Globalization Issues. Social Studies Research and Practice, 5(1), 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1108/ssrp-01-2010-b0003
  • Boni, A., & Calabuig, C. (2017). Education for global citizenship at universities: Potentialities of formal and informal learning spaces to foster cosmopolitanism. Journal of Studies in International Education, 21(1), 22-38.
  • Braskamp, L. A. (2010). Being effective interventionists to foster student global citizenship. Journal of College and Character, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.2202/1940- 1639.1014
  • Brinkmann, S., & Kvale, S. (2018). Doing interviews (2nd ed.). London: Sage.
  • Bromley, P. (2009). Cosmopolitanism in Civic Education: Exploring Cross-National Trends, 1970-2008. Current Issues in Comparative Education, 12(1), 33-44.
  • Bruce, J., North, C., & FitzPatrick, J. (2019). Pre- service teachers' views of global citizenship and implications for global citizenship education. Globalisation, Societies, and Education, 17(2), 161-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2018.1558049
  • Dean, B. L. (2005). Citizenship education in Pakistani schools: Problems and possibilities. Institute for Educational Development, 1(2), 35-55.
  • DiCicco, M. C. (2016). Global citizenship education within a context of accountability and 21st-century skills: The case of Olympus High School. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 24(57), 1-26.
  • Dimpfl, M., & Smith, S. (2019). Cosmopolitan sidestep: University life, intimate geopolitics, and the hidden costs of “Global” citizenship. Area, 51(4), 635-643. https://doi.org/10.1111/area.12497
  • Fathi, J., & Derakhshan, A. (2019). Teacher self- efficacy and emotional regulation as predictors of teaching stress: An investigation of Iranian English language teachers. Teaching the English Language, 13(2), 117- 143.
  • Fielden, J. (2006). Internationalisation and Leadership-What are the issues? Leadership Foundation Leadership Summit 2006.
  • Gallavan, N. P. (2008). Examining teacher candidates' views on teaching world citizenship. The Social Studies, 99(6), 249- 254.
  • Gaudelli, W., & Fernekes, W. R. (2004). Teaching about Global Human Rights for Global Citizenship. The Social Studies, 95(1), 16–26. https://doi.org/10.3200/tsss.95.1.16-26
  • González-Valencia, G., Ballbé, M., & Ortega- Sánchez, D. (2020). Global citizenship and analysis of social facts: Results of a study with pre-service teachers. Social Sciences, 9(5), 65.
  • Goren, H., & Yemini, M. (2016). Global citizenship education in context: Teacher perceptions at an international school and a local Israeli school. A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 46(5), 832-853. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2015.1111752
  • Goren, H., & Yemini, M. (2017). Global citizenship education redefined–A systematic review of empirical studies on globacitizenship education. International Journal of Educational Research, 82, 170-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2017.02.004
  • Green, M. F. (2012). Global citizenship: What are we talking about and why does it matter. Trends Insights for International Education Leaders, 8, 1-3.
  • Guimarães, F. F., & Finardi, K. R. (2021). Global citizenship education (GCE) in internationalisation: COIL as alternative Thirdspace. Globalisation, Societies, and Education, 19(5), 641-657. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2021.1875 808
  • Ibrahim, T. (2005). Global citizenship education: Mainstreaming the curriculum? Cambridge Journal of Education, 35(2), 177-194. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057640500146823
  • Idrissi, H. (2020). Exploring global citizenship learning and ecological Behaviour change through extracurricular activities. Internation Journal of Lifelong Education, 39(3), 272- 290. https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370.2020.1778805
  • Jamil, M., Muhammad, Y., & Qureshi, N. (2021). Critical thinking skills development: Secondary school science teachers’ perceptions and practices. Sir Syed Journal of Education & Social Research, 4(2), 21-30.
  • Khokhar, A. J., & Muhammad, Y. (2020). Islamic habitus in English language textbooks produced by boards in Pakistan The Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 10(1), 288–310.
  • Knight, J. (2012). Student mobility and internationalisation: Trends and tribulations. Research in Comparative and International Education, 7(1), 20-33. https://doi.org/10.2304/rcie.2012.7.1.20
  • Kopish, M. A. (2017). Global citizenship education and the development of globally competent teacher candidates. Journal of International Social Studies, 7(2), 20-59.
  • Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2015). Interviews: Learning the craft of qualitative researchnterviewing (3rd ed.). London, UK: Sage Publication.
  • Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2015). Interviews: Learning the craft of qualitative researchnterviewing (3rd ed.). London, UK: Sage Publication.
  • Larsen, M. A., & Searle, M. J. (2017). International service learning and critical global citizenship: A cross-case study of a Canadian teacher education alternative practicum. Teaching and Teacher Education, 63, 196–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.12.011
  • Lim, C. P. (2008). Global citizenship education, school curriculum and games: Learning Mathematics, English and Science as a global citizen. Computers & Education, 51(3), 1073– 1093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2007.10.005
  • MacIntyre, P. D., Gregersen, T., & Mercer, S. (2020). Language teachers’ coping strategies during the Covid-19 conversion to online teaching: Correlations with stress, wellbeing and negative emotions. System, 94, 102352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102352
  • Muhammad, Y. (2015). Pakistani national identity, cultural diversity and global perspective: A policy trajectory study of the national curriculum for secondary school Pakistan Studies in Punjab. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation), University of Tasmania, Tasmania.
  • Muhammad, Y., & Brett, P. (2015). Beyond binary discourses? Pakistan studies textbooks and representations of cultural, national, and global Identity. IARTEM e-Journal(Special Issue Dec.), 74-100.
  • Muhammad, Y., & Brett, P. (2017). Some challenges in teaching citizenship in an Islamic context: Pakistan Studies teachers’ perspectives and practices in relation to teaching about identity. Citizenship Teaching & Learning, 12(3), 279–298. https://doi.org/10.1386/ctl.12.3.279_1
  • Muhammad, Y., & Brett, P. (2019). Addressing social justice and cultural identity in Pakistani education: A qualitative content analysis of curriculum policy. In Education, ethnicity, and equity in the multilingual Asian context, 235-253. New York: Springer.
  • Muhammad, Y., Masood, S., & Anis, F. (2019). Global identity, curricular reform, and Pakistan studies textbooks: Understanding teachers’ perceptions and beliefs. Journal of Educational Sciences & Research, 6(1), 65-78.
  • Muhammad, Y., & Brett, P. (2020). Infusing cultural diversity into Pakistan Studies textbooks: An analysis of textbooks and teachers’ perspectives. In M. S. Pervez (Ed.), Radicalisation in Pakistan: A Critical Perspective, 61-76. London: Routledge.
  • Mundy, K., & Manion, C. (2008). Global Education in Canadian Elementary Schools: An Exploratory Study. Canadian Journal of Education, 31(4), 941-974.
  • Naseer, R. (2012). Citizenship education in Pakistan. Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies, 4(3), 1-16.
  • Noddings, N. (2005). Educating citizens for global awareness (1st ed.). Amsterdam Avenue, NY: Teachers College Press.
  • OXFAM. (2006). Education for global citizenship: A guide for schools. http://www.oxfam.org.uk/educa-tion/gc
  • Pais, A., & Costa, M. (2020). An ideology critique of global citizenship education. Critical Studies in Education, 61(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2017.1318772
  • Pasha, A. (2015). Global citizenship in Pakistan. International Journal of Development Education and Global Learning, 7(1), 33–52. https://doi.org/10.18546/ijdegl.07.1.03
  • Pashby, K. (2011). Cultivating global citizens: planting new seeds or pruning the perennials? Looking for the citizen-subject in global citizenship education theory. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 9(3–4), 427–442. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2011.605326
  • Pigozzi, M. J. (2006). A UNESCO view of global citizenship education. Educational Review, 58(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131910500352473
  • Rauf, A., Muhammad, Y., & Saeed, A. (2021). Citizenship rights and responsibilities in history textbooks of elite schools in Pakistan:A qualitative content analysis. Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, 58(2), 235-246.
  • Rapoport, A. (2009). A forgotten concept: Global citizenship education and state social studies standards. The Journal of Social Studies Research, 33(1), 91-112.
  • Reynolds, R., Macqueen, S., & Ferguson-Patrick, K. (2019). Educating for global citizenship: Australia as a case study. International Journal of Development Education and Global Learning, 11(1), 103–119. https://doi.org/10.18546/ijdegl.11.1.07
  • Saleem, A., Muhammad, Y., & Masood, S. (2019). Negative emotions and self-created challenges of novice public-school teachers in managing classroom behavior. Journal of Elementary Education, 29(2), 178-195.
  • Schattle, H. (2010). Global citizenship in theory and practice. In The handbook of practice and research in study abroad , 25-42. London, England: Routledge.
  • Schweisfurth, M. (2006). Education for global citizenship: teacher agency and curricular structure in Ontario schools. Educational Review, 58(1), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131910500352648
  • Smith, W. C., Fraser, P., Chykina, V., Ikoma, S., Levitan, J., Liu, J., & Mahfouz, J. (2017). Global citizenship and the importance of education in a globally integrated world. Globalisation, Societies, and Education, 15(5), 648-665. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2016.1222896
  • Syeda, R. K. (2012). A Study of Causes of Decline in Citizenship Education in Pakistan at Secondary Level. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstra ct_id=3374281
  • Tari, D. K., & Rosana, D. (2019). Contextual teaching and learning to develop critical thinking and practical skills. Paper presented at the Journal of Physics: Conference Series.
  • UNO. (n.d). Global Citizenship. https://www.un.org/en/academic-impact/globalcitizenship#:~:text=Global%20citizenship%20is%20the%20umbrella,communities%20on%20a%20worldwide%20scale
  • Wang, C., & Hoffman, D. M. (2016). Are WE the world? A critical reflection on selfhood and global citizenship education. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 24, 56. https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.24.2152
  • Woolley, R., Hyde, B., & Adams, K. (2008). The spiritual dimension of childhood (1st ed.). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  • Zheng, Y., & Walsham, G. (2021). Inequality of what? An intersectional approach to digital inequality under Covid-19. Information and Organization, 31(1), 100341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2021.10 0341

Cite this article

    APA : Khalid, T., Muhammad, Y., & Siddiqui, M. (2022). Cultivating Global Citizenship among Secondary School Students: Pre-Service Teachers' Beliefs. Global Social Sciences Review, VII(II), 326‒337. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).33
    CHICAGO : Khalid, Tayyaba, Yaar Muhammad, and Malahat Siddiqui. 2022. "Cultivating Global Citizenship among Secondary School Students: Pre-Service Teachers' Beliefs." Global Social Sciences Review, VII (II): 326‒337 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).33
    HARVARD : KHALID, T., MUHAMMAD, Y. & SIDDIQUI, M. 2022. Cultivating Global Citizenship among Secondary School Students: Pre-Service Teachers' Beliefs. Global Social Sciences Review, VII, 326‒337.
    MHRA : Khalid, Tayyaba, Yaar Muhammad, and Malahat Siddiqui. 2022. "Cultivating Global Citizenship among Secondary School Students: Pre-Service Teachers' Beliefs." Global Social Sciences Review, VII: 326‒337
    MLA : Khalid, Tayyaba, Yaar Muhammad, and Malahat Siddiqui. "Cultivating Global Citizenship among Secondary School Students: Pre-Service Teachers' Beliefs." Global Social Sciences Review, VII.II (2022): 326‒337 Print.
    OXFORD : Khalid, Tayyaba, Muhammad, Yaar, and Siddiqui, Malahat (2022), "Cultivating Global Citizenship among Secondary School Students: Pre-Service Teachers' Beliefs", Global Social Sciences Review, VII (II), 326‒337
    TURABIAN : Khalid, Tayyaba, Yaar Muhammad, and Malahat Siddiqui. "Cultivating Global Citizenship among Secondary School Students: Pre-Service Teachers' Beliefs." Global Social Sciences Review VII, no. II (2022): 326‒337. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).33