ARTICLE

DIPLOMACY AND EDUCATION A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF LITERATURE

01 Pages : 1-9

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).01      10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).01      Published : Sep 2020

Diplomacy and Education: A Systematic Review of Literature

    Preference is given to the recently published scholarship in prominent journals and publishers. Secondary sources of data related to educational exchanges and its role in diplomacy have been extensively studied. It was observed that whether it's a small country or a major player in the international politics, educational exchanges and bursaries play a vital role in promoting its soft image in addition to culture and history to the foreign audience. Some of the famous providers of scholarships to international students include the USA, UK and China. While recent studies show that China is rising to be the top provider of educational scholarships and the Chinese universities are rapidly getting top positions in the world ranking of universities. Through such initiatives, China's policies are getting acceptance to a greater extent in foreign countries. This study is of high importance to complementary research.

    (1) Muhammad Mussa Khan
    PhD Scholar, Department of Media and International Culture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
    (2) Riaz Ahmad
    Assistant Professor, Department of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
    (3) Lloyd W. Fernald
    Professor, Department of Management, University of Central Florida & Dean of Graduate Studies, Orlando University, Orlando, Florida, USA.
  • Ã…kerlund, A. (2014). The impact of foreign policy on the educational exchange: The Swedish state scholarship programme 1938-1990. Paedagogica Historica, 50(3), 390-409.
  • Ã…kerlund, A. (2014). The impact of foreign policy on the educational exchange: The Swedish state scholarship programme 1938-1990. Paedagogica Historica, 50(3), 390-409.
  • Aras, B., & Mohammed, Z. (2019). The Turkish government scholarship program as a soft power tool. Turkish Studies, 20(3), 421-441.
  • Atkinson, C. (2010). Does soft power matter? A comparative analysis of student exchange programs 1980-2006. Foreign Policy Analysis, 6(1), 1-22.
  • Bulmer, J. (2020). What Motivates International Students for Higher Education: Insight from an International College in Thailand. In Rethinking Education Across Borders (pp. 103-112). Springer, Singapore.
  • Byrne, C., & Hall, R. (2013). Realising Australia's international education as public diplomacy. Australian Journal of International Affairs. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2013.806019
  • Byrne, C., & Hall, R. (2014). International Education as Public Diplomacy. https://www.ieaa.org.au/documents/item/258
  • Castiello-Gutiérrez, S. (2019). Reframing internationalisation's values and principles. University World Reports.
  • Choudhary, F. R., & Javed, T. (2020). Context Factors Affecting Cognition and Performance of Undergraduate Science Students. Global Regional Review, V(I), 160-169. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020
  • De Lima, A. F. (2007). The role of international educational exchanges in public diplomacy. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 3(3), 234-251
  • De Wit, H. (2013). An introduction to higher education internationalisation. (H. de Wit, Ed.). Milan, Italy: Vita E Pensiero. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.905.8413
  • Ferreia de. Lima, A. (2007). The role of international education exchanges in public diplomacy. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 3 (3), 234-251
  • Gaulee, U. (Ed.). (2020). Rethinking Education across Borders: Emerging Issues and Critical Insights on Globally Mobile Students. Springer Nature.
  • Gilani, N., Abdul Waheed, S., & Hussain, B. (2020). Multiculturalism and Integration: Challenges, Strategies and Prospects of Students Integration in Educational Environment and Society. Global Social Sciences Review, V(II), 174-181. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).16
  • Han, D., & Zweig, D. (2010). Images of the world: Studying abroad and Chinese attitudes towards international affairs. The China Quarterly, 202, 290-306.
  • Higgins, R. M., & Brady, A. (2016). Language policy, planning, and enactment: the necessity and empowering potential at the local level. Current Issues in Language Planning, 17(3-4), 242- 259.
  • Ikande, M. (2017). Types of diplomacy in international relations. Legit. Retrieved from: (Accessed on July 18, 2020) https://www.legit.ng/1131145-types-diplomacy-international-relations.html
  • International Affairs Office (IAO) (2018). Succeeding globally through international education and engagement. International Affairs Office, U.S. Department of Education.: (Accessed on July 10, 2020) https://sites.ed.gov /international/objective-2-learn-from-and-with-other-countries-to-strengthen-u-s-education/
  • Jones, W. J. (2010). European Union Soft Power: Cultural Diplomacy & Higher Education in Southeast Asia. Silpakorn University International Journal.
  • Khan, N., Ahmad, R., & Xing, K. (2018). China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): Regional Development, Employment Opportunities and Policy Challenges. Global Political Review (GPR), III(I), 12-23. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2018(III-I).02
  • Khan, S., & Imran Haider, S. (2020). Women's Education and Empowerment in Islamabad, Pakistan. V(I). https://doi.org/10.31703/ger.2020(V-I).05
  • Lee, J. T. (2015). Soft power and cultural diplomacy: Emerging educations hubs in Asia. Comparative Education, 51 (3), 353-374
  • Li, J. (2018). Conceptualizing Soft Power Conversion Model of Higher Education. In Conceptualizing Soft Power of Higher Education (pp. 19-65). Springer, Singapore.
  • Liu, C., Kuang, Y., Huang, N. and Liu, X. (2014) An Empirical Research on Evaluation of Low-Carbon Economy in Guangdong Province, China: Based on https://doi.org/10.4236/lce.2014.54015
  • Makarevskaya, N. Y. (2020, March). The Use of
  • Mäkinen, S. (2016). In Search of the Status of an Educational Great Power? Analysis of Russia's Educational Diplomacy Discourse. Problems of Post-Communism, 63(3), 183-196. https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2016.1172489
  • McClory, Jonathan (2016), The Soft Power 30 Report, Portland Communications, online: http://softpower30.portland-communications.com/wp content/themes/softpower/
  • Metzgar, E. T. (2015). Institutions of Higher Education as Public Diplomacy Tools. Journal of Studies in International Education, 20(3), 223-241. doi:10.1177/1028315315604718
  • Metzgar, E. T. (2016). Institutions of higher education as public diplomacy tools: China-based university programs for the 21st century. Journal of Studies in International Education, 20(3), 223-241.
  • Munusamy, M. M., & Hashim, A. (2020). The Internationalisation of Higher Education: A Networking Based Conceptual Framework. AEI-Insights, 35.
  • Nazar, N., Siddiqui, S., & Khoso, G. M. (2019). Achieving Soft Power Goals through Education Diplomacy by Southeast Asian Nations. Asia Pacific, 37, 21-34.
  • Özkan, A. (2015). Strategic practices of public diplomacy policies in educational field and Turkey's potential for cultural diplomacy. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 176(12682), 35- 43.
  • Pan, S. Y. (2013). Confucius Institute project: China's cultural diplomacy and soft power projection. Asian Education and Development Studies, 2(1), 22-33. https://doi.org/10.1108/20463161311297608
  • Peterson, P. M. (2014). Diplomacy and education: A changing global landscape. International Higher Education, (75), 2-3.
  • Sheng-Kai, C. C. (2015). Higher education scholarships as a soft power tool: An analysis of its role in the EU and Singapore. EUC Working Paper No. 23. EU Centre in Singapore.
  • Tarrant, M.A., Stoner, L., Borrie, W.T., Kyle, G., Moore, R.L. and Moore, A. (2011). Educational travel and global citizenship. Journal of Leisure Research 43. (3): 403-426.
  • Vaxevanidou, M. (2018). Education as public diplomacy: How to build on international image in education. Journal of Media Critique, 4 (14), 55-70
  • Waithaka, J. W., & Maluki, P. (2016). International education exchanges as a public diplomacy instrument. International Journal of Science Arts and Commerce, 1, 1-8.
  • Wang, X. (2020). Education Diplomacy. In Winning American Hearts and Minds (pp. 89-100). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3184-2_7
  • Yang, Y. (2015). Does the academic programme work? The Jean Monnet Programme and European Union public diplomacy. Journal of European Integration, 37(6), 611-628.
  • Zaharna, R. (2010). Battles to bridges: U.S. strategic communication and public diplomacy after 9/11. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

Cite this article

    CHICAGO : Khan, Muhammad Mussa, Riaz Ahmad, and Lloyd W. Fernald. 2020. "Diplomacy and Education: A Systematic Review of Literature." Global Social Sciences Review, V (III): 1-9 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).01
    HARVARD : KHAN, M. M., AHMAD, R. & FERNALD, L. W. 2020. Diplomacy and Education: A Systematic Review of Literature. Global Social Sciences Review, V, 1-9.
    MHRA : Khan, Muhammad Mussa, Riaz Ahmad, and Lloyd W. Fernald. 2020. "Diplomacy and Education: A Systematic Review of Literature." Global Social Sciences Review, V: 1-9
    MLA : Khan, Muhammad Mussa, Riaz Ahmad, and Lloyd W. Fernald. "Diplomacy and Education: A Systematic Review of Literature." Global Social Sciences Review, V.III (2020): 1-9 Print.
    OXFORD : Khan, Muhammad Mussa, Ahmad, Riaz, and Fernald, Lloyd W. (2020), "Diplomacy and Education: A Systematic Review of Literature", Global Social Sciences Review, V (III), 1-9
    TURABIAN : Khan, Muhammad Mussa, Riaz Ahmad, and Lloyd W. Fernald. "Diplomacy and Education: A Systematic Review of Literature." Global Social Sciences Review V, no. III (2020): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).01