ARTICLE

IMPACT OF DISTRICT RANKING SYSTEM ON STUDENTS ACHIEVEMENT SCORE IN PEC EXAMS

  1. HOME
  2. ARTICLE

15 Pages : 244-262

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).15      10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).15      Published : Mar 1

Impact of District Ranking System on Students Achievement Score in PEC Exams

Abstract

    Data about functioning capability of schools and students’ achievement is collected through program monitoring and implementation unit (PMIU). It shows satisfactory trends about the performance of schools and students’ achievement scores in PEC exam. But, its correctness is questionable in many aspects because of having no auditing system or third-party validation. This paper investigates the influence of district ranking system on students’ achievement score in PEC exam by using cheating in PEC exam as a mediator. The data were collected from 300 students who recently passed PEC exam from 10 schools by using a questionnaire developed by the researchers. 10 focus group interviews were also conducted from teachers of these schools. Hence mixed method approach was used in this study. Data was analyzed in SPSS and PROCESS. The results of the study reveal that district ranking system has significant positive influence on students’ achievement score in PEC exam. District ranking system also has significant positive impact on cheating in PEC exam. Furthermore, cheating in PEC exam partially mediates the relationship between district ranking system and students’ achievement score. The results suggest that quantitative target achieving behavior overlooks other important aspect of schools’ performance and focus only on few indicators. Additionally, monitoring system and PEC assessment system have failed to provide accurate, valid, reliable, trustworthy and practical data over school and students’ performance. These performance measuring systems need consistent audit and third-party validation to ensure the correctness of data.

    District Ranking System, Cheating in PEC Exam, Students’ Achievement Score

    (1) Ghulam Qambar
    PhD Scholar (Education), Department of Educational Research and Assessment, University ofOkara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Tahir Khan Farooqi
    Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Research and Assessment, University of Okara,Okara.Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Hafiz Muhammad Ather Khan
    Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur,Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Fulltext PDF

References

  • Alifailaan. (2017). Pakistan District Education Ranking 2017. Islamabad.
  • Alin, A. (2010). Multicollinearity. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics, 2(3), 370-374.
  • Anderman, E. M., & Midgley, C. (2004). Changes In Self-Reported Academic Cheating Across The Transition From Middle School To High School. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 29(4), 499-517.
  • Anwar, M., Khan, S. Z., & Khan, N. U. (2018). Intellectual Capital, Entrepreneurial Strategy And New Ventures Performance: Mediating Role Of Competitive Advantage. Business & Economic Review, 10(1), 63-94.
  • Aser. (2015). Annual Status Of Education Report 2015.
  • Aser. (2017). Annual Status Of Education Report 2016.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction In Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, And Statistical Considerations. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173.
  • Barsky, A. (2008). Understanding The Ethical Cost Of Organizational GoalSetting: A Review And Theory Development. Journal Of Business Ethics, 81(1), 63-81.
  • BISE (Lahore). (2016). Result Gazette, Secondary School Certificate (9th Class), Annual Examination. Lahore.
  • BISE (Lahore). (2017). Result Gazette, Secondary School Certificate (9th Class), Annual Examination. Lahore.
  • BISE (Sahiwal). (2015). Result Gazette, Secondary School Certificate (9th Class), Annual Examination. Lahore: Retrieved From Http://Bisesahiwal.Edu.Pk/.
  • BISE (Sahiwal). (2016). Result Gazette, Secondary School Certificate (9th Class), Annual Examination. Lahore: Retrieved From Http://Bisesahiwal.Edu.Pk/.
  • BISE (Sahiwal). (2017). Result Gazette, Secondary School Certificate (9th Class), Annual Examination. Lahore: Retrieved From Http://Bisesahiwal.Edu.Pk/.
  • Bohte, J., & Meier, K. J. (2000). Goal Displacement: Assessing The Motivation For Organizational Cheating. Public Administration Review, 60(2), 173-182.
  • Bolin, J. H. (2014). Hayes, Andrew F.(2013). Introduction To Mediation, Moderation, And Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression‐ Based Approach. New York, Ny: The Guilford Press. Journal Of Educational Measurement, 51(3), 335-337.
  • Bouckaert, G., & Peters, B. G. (2002). Performance Measurement And Management: The Achilles' Heel In Administrative Modernization. Public Performance & Management Review, 25(4), 359-362.
  • Butler, R., & Shibaz, L. (2008). Achievement Goals For Teaching As Predictors Of Students' Perceptions Of Instructional Practices And Students' Help Seeking And Cheating. Learning And Instruction, 18(5), 453-467.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, And Mixed Methods Approaches: Sage Publications. Dalton, B. (2017). Rti Press.
  • Earthman, G. I. (2002). School Facility Conditions And Student Academic Achievement.
  • Fuller, B. (1987). What School Factors Raise Achievement In The Third World? Review Of Educational Research, 57(3), 255-292.
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2010). Spss For Windows Step By Step. A Simple Study Guide And Reference (10. Baskı): Boston, Ma: Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Glewwe, P., Ilias, N., & Kremer, M. (2010). Teacher Incentives. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2(3), 205-227.
  • Hair, J. F. (2010). Black, Wc, Babin, Bj, & Anderson, Re (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis, 7.
  • Jensen, M. C. (2003). Paying People To Lie: The Truth About The Budgeting Process. European Financial Management, 9(3), 379-406.
  • Johnson, R. B., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004). Mixed Methods Research: A Research Paradigm Whose Time Has Come. Educational Researcher, 33(7), 14-26.
  • Khan, W. A. (2018). Fake Assessment And Punjab Examination Comission Retrieved June 5, 2018, From Http://Www.Khanwaqas.Com/FakeAssessment-Punjab-Examination-Commission/Articles.Html
  • Leech, N. L., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2009). A Typology Of Mixed Methods Research Designs. Quality & Quantity, 43(2), 265-275.
  • Leithwood, K., & Mascall, B. (2008). Collective Leadership Effects On Student Achievement. Educational Administration Quarterly, 44(4), 529-561.
  • Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002). Building A Practically Useful Theory Of Goal Setting And Task Motivation: A 35-Year Odyssey. American Psychologist, 57(9), 705.
  • Mccabe, D. (2005). Cheating: Why Students Do It And How We Can Help Them Stop. Guiding Students From Cheating And Plagiarism To Honesty And Integrity: Strategies For Change, 237-242.
  • Mccabe, D. L., Treviño, L. K., & Butterfield, K. D. (2001). Cheating In Academic Institutions: A Decade Of Research. Ethics &Behavior, 11(3), 219-232.
  • Mcmillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2010). Research In Education: EvidenceBased Inquiry, Myeducationlab Series. Pearson.
  • Mertens, D. M. (2014). Research And Evaluation In Education And Psychology: Integrating Diversity With Quantitative, Qualitative, And Mixed Methods: Sage Publications.
  • Murdock, T. B., & Anderman, E. M. (2006). Motivational Perspectives On Student Cheating: Toward An Integrated Model Of Academic Dishonesty. Educational Psychologist, 41(3), 129-145.
  • Muriel, A., & Smith, J. (2011). On Educational Performance Measures. Fiscal Studies, 32(2), 187-206.
  • Nettles, S. M., & Herrington, C. (2007). Revisiting The Importance Of The Direct Effects Of School Leadership On Student Achievement: The Implications For School Improvement Policy. Peabody Journal Of Education, 82(4), 724-736.
  • Ordóñez, L. D., Schweitzer, M. E., Galinsky, A. D., & Bazerman, M. H. (2009). Goals Gone Wild: The Systematic Side Effects Of Overprescribing Goal Setting. Academy Of Management Perspectives, 23(1), 6-16.
  • Ozga, J. (2003). Measuring & Managing Performance In Education: Citeseer.
  • Pallant, J. (2013). Spss Survival Manual: Mcgraw-Hill Education (Uk).
  • PEC. (2015). Punjab Examination Commission Report On Grade 5 & 8 Examination. Lahore: Retrieved From Http://Www.Pec.Edu.Pk/System/Files/Pec report r7_0.Pdf.
  • PEC. (2016). Punjab Examination Commission Report On Grade 5 & 8 Examination. Lahore: Retrieved From Downloads\Documents\Pec_Exam_Analysis_Report_2016.Pdf.
  • PEC. (2017). Result Gazette, Annual Examination.
  • PEC. (2018). Result Gazette, Annual Examination
  • Persp. Retrieved June 3, 2018, From Http://Www.Pesrp.Edu.Pk/Home
  • Pesrp. (2015). District Education Ranking 2nd Quarter 2015-16.
  • Pesrp. (2016a). District Education Ranking 1st Quarter 2016-17.
  • Pesrp. (2016b). District Education Ranking 2nd Quarter 2016-17.
  • Pesrp. (2016c). District Education Ranking 3rd Quarter 2015-16.
  • Pesrp. (2016d). District Education Ranking 4th Quarter 2015-16.
  • Pesrp. (2017a). District Education Ranking 1st Quarter 2017-18.
  • Pesrp. (2017b). District Education Ranking 2nd Quarter 2017-18.
  • Pesrp. (2017c). District Education Ranking 3rd Quarter 2016-17.
  • Pesrp. (2017d). District Education Ranking 4th Quarter 2016-17.
  • Pesrp. (2018). District Education Ranking 3rd Quarter 2017-18.
  • Picus, L. O., Marion, S. F., Calvo, N., & Glenn, W. J. (2005). Understanding The Relationship Between Student Achievement And The Quality Of Educational Facilities: Evidence From Wyoming. Peabody Journal Of Education, 80(3), 71-95.
  • Roby, D. E. (2004). Research On School Attendance And Student Achievement: A Study Of Ohio Schools. Educational Research Quarterly, 28(1), 3-16. School Education Department. Retrieved July 1. 2018, From Https://Schools.Punjab.Gov.Pk/District_Ranking
  • Schweitzer, M. E., Ordóñez, L., & Douma, B. (2004). Goal Setting As A Motivator Of Unethical Behavior. Academy Of Management Journal, 47(3), 422-432.
  • Sheikh, A. (2017). Rural Punjab Enrolment Up But Standards Deteriorate The Express Tribune. Retrieved From Https://Epaper.Tribune.Com.Pk/Displaydetails.Aspx?Eni_Id=112017091 40030
  • Sheldon, S. B., & Epstein, J. L. (2004). Getting Students To School: Using Family And Community Involvement To Reduce Chronic Absenteeism. School Community Journal, 14(2), 39-56.
  • Uline, C., & Tschannen-Moran, M. (2008). The Walls Speak: The Interplay Of Quality Facilities, School Climate, And Student Achievement. Journal Of Educational Administration, 46(1), 55-73.
  • Waters, T., Marzano, R. J., & Mcnulty, B. (2003). Balanced Leadership: What 30 Years Of Research Tells Us About The Effect Of Leadership On Student Achievement. A Working Paper.
  • Welsh, D. T., & Ordóñez, L. D. (2014). The Dark Side Of Consecutive High Performance Goals: Linking Goal Setting, Depletion, And Unethical Behavior. Organizational Behavior And Human Decision Processes, 123(2), 79-89.

Cite this article

APA

    APA : Qambar, G., Farooqi, M. T. K., & Khan, H. M. A. (2018). Impact of District Ranking System on Students Achievement Score in PEC Exams. Global Social Sciences Review, III(I), 244-262. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).15

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Qambar, Ghulam, Muhammad Tahir Khan Farooqi, and Hafiz Muhammad Ather Khan. 2018. "Impact of District Ranking System on Students Achievement Score in PEC Exams." Global Social Sciences Review, III (I): 244-262 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).15

HARVARD

    HARVARD : QAMBAR, G., FAROOQI, M. T. K. & KHAN, H. M. A. 2018. Impact of District Ranking System on Students Achievement Score in PEC Exams. Global Social Sciences Review, III, 244-262.

MHRA

    MHRA : Qambar, Ghulam, Muhammad Tahir Khan Farooqi, and Hafiz Muhammad Ather Khan. 2018. "Impact of District Ranking System on Students Achievement Score in PEC Exams." Global Social Sciences Review, III: 244-262

MLA

    MLA : Qambar, Ghulam, Muhammad Tahir Khan Farooqi, and Hafiz Muhammad Ather Khan. "Impact of District Ranking System on Students Achievement Score in PEC Exams." Global Social Sciences Review, III.I (2018): 244-262 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Qambar, Ghulam, Farooqi, Muhammad Tahir Khan, and Khan, Hafiz Muhammad Ather (2018), "Impact of District Ranking System on Students Achievement Score in PEC Exams", Global Social Sciences Review, III (I), 244-262

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Qambar, Ghulam, Muhammad Tahir Khan Farooqi, and Hafiz Muhammad Ather Khan. "Impact of District Ranking System on Students Achievement Score in PEC Exams." Global Social Sciences Review III, no. I (2018): 244-262. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).15