As a developing country, Pakistan is more dependent on conventional, non-friendly energy sources and technology that increases its ecological footprint and causes environmental degradation. The study's primary goal is to analyze the environmental issues by advocating renewable energy usage and green technological innovation in Pakistan. Using data from 1980 to 2021, the results based on the ARDL model confirm an Environment Kuznet Curve hypothesis in the long and short run. Further, the growing green technological innovation positively relates to improved environmental quality in Pakistan. Environmental quality and renewable energy consumption are also positively associated.

Given sharp increase in ecological problems, focus of environmental discussions is on carbon neutrality and sustainable development. This study explores how environmental taxes, investment in renewable energy, and reliance on natural resources and sustainable technologies affect progress of sustainable development. This research established for OECD analysis from 1994 to 2024 by using a novel intelligent Bayes topology based on structure learning shows that environmental taxes, renewable energy investment, climate mitigation technologies and economic progress will ensure environmental sustainability of the OECD economies. With increase of external factors of climate change, the financial sector and reliance on natural resources are undermining ecological sustainability. In addition, we are conducting economic classification on OECD dataset to identify the differences in experience between the G7 and other OECD economies. At the conclusion of our analysis, we put forward strong suggestions on environmental policies that enhance sustainability.

This paper discusses the adoption of solar energy in Khyber Pakhtunkhaw (KP) as a part of energy transition in Pakistan. The Pakhtunkhwa Energy Development Organization Act 2020 is a legal framework at provincial level to support sustainable and green development of power resources in KP. The research follows a qualitative approach, consisting of documentary research of policy and legal documents, with a few illustrative primary-source interviews. The discussion concludes that adoption of solar in KP is limited by policy fragmentation, poor grid preparedness, financing, uneven affordability, lack of technical capacity, inconsistency in equipment market control and lack of provincial roadmaps of implementation. Simultaneously, there are significant opportunities in decentralized energy access, solarization of the public sector, agricultural pumping, self-generation of industries and commercial enterprises, local jobs and energy systems resilient to climate.