Poetic Negotiations: Salad Bowl Feminism in Selected Poetry of Fehmida Riaz, Pat Mora and Joan Loveridge-Sanbonmatsu
The research attempts to evaluate the depiction of women's oppression in specific postcolonial contexts at the hands of the interlocked power pattern formed by manifold factors like patriarchy, class conflict, religion, ethnicity and imperialism in the selected poetry of the renowned Pakistani poetess Fehmida Riaz, the Latino American Poetess Pat Mora, and the Japanese poetess Sanbonmatsu. It applies the theory of Postcolonial Feminism to bring to the fore the oppression of postcolonial women at the intersection of gender, class, race, religion and culture, hence, offering a critique of Western Feminist discourse and its slogan of sisterhood, which tends to erase heterogeneity in women's situations across the globe. The theory of Third World Feminism as well as the portrayals in these poetic compositions from a variety of postcolonial social formations, highlight the fact that postcolonial women are not a monolithic and archetypal suffering category as presented in Western discourses; instead, their resistant agency and subversive subjectivity also stands at the center of their creative writings.
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Postcolonial Feminism, Hegemonic Feminist Discourse, Intersectionality, Patriarchy, Race, Class, Nationality
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(1) Kalsoom Khan
Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government Guru Nanak Postgraduate College, Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Mumtaz Ahmad
Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government Guru Nanak Postgraduate College, Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Malik Mujeeb ur Rahman
Lecturer, Department of English, Minhaj University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
An Analytical Study of Political Philosophy of Dr. Israr Ahmad about Caliphate
Islam is a complete religion that addresses every facet of existence. Islam's political structure is based on the caliphate. During the early years of Islam, the Pious Caliphate ruled for over three decades. Since then, there has been debate and conflict over whether the Caliphate can be revived on its original principles. The author of this essay, Dr. Israr Ahmed, who founded the Tanzeem-e-Islami organization, the Society of Khudam-ul-Quran, and served as the Caliphate's preacher, presents and analyzes his points of view on this topic. He dedicated his entire life to educating Pakistan's population about the actual political system of Islam and how Pakistan is falling behind. His opinions on the state of democracy, the political system, the problem of dual citizenship, and Islamic institutions in the context of the Caliphate in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan are discussed in the article.
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System, Caliphate, Governance, Nationality, Legislative, Shariat
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(1) Imran Ahmad
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Mian Saeed Ahmad
Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.