In this research, we visit literature directed seven steps procedure of scale development and incorporate it in studying dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine and norepinephrine and thus finalized 16 items neurotransmitters scale. We incorporated 6 samples for construction of reliable multi-aspect questionnaire that imitated across the samples. We confirm the content adequacy qualitatively and quantitatively including discriminant and convergent validity. We also established the criterion-related validity through the instrument’s relation with measures of behavioral aspects of individual investors. This research proposes that the neurotransmitters scale is valid and reliable. Neurotransmitters as dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine and norepinephrine have significant use for individual stock markets investors. This investigators hope that the corroborated scale is reliable as well as valid and will be appropriate to utilize in upcoming studies of neurofinance.

Since the reform movement of the Muslim World from the midnineteenth century, many Islamic Financial institutions have been established. Subsequently, in 2001 the first Islamic banking policy was issued by the State bank of Pakistan and thereafter, Pakistan has faced many commercial, accountability and regulatory challenges in transforming the economy into an Islamic Economy. In this study, we find out whether the development of the Islamic Economy has fostered moral values in investors. This study, hence, aims to discuss the foundamental issues in moral values behind an investment decision while taking in account some personal factors influencing investment decisions. Data has been collected with the help of a questionnaire, where its reliability is confirmed by Cronbach Alpha, followed by correlation and multiple Regression tests. The results show a significant role of certain moral factors in investment decisions.

This research aims at testing and confirming existence of selected behavioral biases of investors that affect their decisions. Five behavioral biases affecting irrational behavior of investors were selected: overconfidence bias, illusion of control bias, confirmation bias and recency bias and optimism bias. Primary data was collected through a questionnaire from 300 investors from banks, insurance companies, stock exchanges etc. The results were obtained by employing a correlation and regression analysis for the presence of behavioral biases and to detect degrees of their influence on decision making. Correlation results indicate moderate association between behavioral biases and decisions of investors. Outcome of the research indicates that while making financial decisions investors are moderately affected by behavioral biases.

This study is aimed to explore the Islamic calendar anomaly or lunar effect over the period of eleven years commencing from Zilhajj 1429 (January 2007) to Muharram 1440 (September 2018) on daily historical returns. This study has identified the essence of weak-form Efficient Market Hypothesis Fama (1965) in Pakistan, Turkey, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Dubai. Moreover market return behavior and seasonal effects are identified by using the dummy regression model. It is identified that anomalous behavior is reality in long run aptitude in all Islamic economies and the average behavior is reflecting that markets have been inspired by the seasonal effects. Overall the market behavior reflects weak form of efficiency except Iran and Bangladesh. It is identified that the Gregorian Calander is static but the lunar calendar is dynamic and go across all the weathers. Weathers and temperatures may affect perception and psychology of investor.

The purpose of this research was to examine the Impact of Narcissistic Leadership (NL) on Employee’s Behavioral Cynicism (BOC) with the mediation of Organizational Aggression (OA) andmoderation of Workplace Gossiping (WG) in the FMCG sector of Pakistan. OA was studied as a mediator that was brought in between the relationship of NL on BOC to see what impact it made on them. A quantitative method was used in this study, and the data wascollected through survey questionnaires from 415 workers of FMCG companies operating in Pakistan using the convenience sampling technique, a type of non-probabilistic sampling. An adopted structured questionnaire was used in this research by using a cross-sectional study and a self-administered survey. SPSS is used for demographics frequency analysis, and SMART PLS 4 is used for SEM, validity and reliability analysis. However, H1 results revealed that NL had a significant impact on BOC. Whereas H2, lookingat the mediation results,OA was found to have the mediation on the relationship between NL on EBC shows complete mediation. Further, H3, WG significantly moderated the relationship of NL with EBC. Therefore, the Leader member exchange (LMX)theorysupportsH1,theAETmodelsupportsH2andself- verification & LMX theory supports H3.

Awareness of self-empowerment plays a transformative role in shaping behavioral patterns within higher education. This study aims to provide insights into how awareness of personal empowerment can be used as an effective strategy to promote positive behavioral change, personal growth, decision-making skills, and academic success among higher education students. This study employed a positivist approach to quantitatively examine the relationship between self-empowerment awareness and behavioral patterns among scholars in higher education.  Stratified sampling was used to select respondents. A survey is usually used to collect information. For conducting this survey, two questionnaires were developed on a 5-point Likert scale. Questionnaires revealed that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between USB (university students’ behavior) and AIE (awareness of individual empowerment).