GSSR - Global Social Sciences Review

POPULISM IN THE UNITED STATES BINARY CONSTRUCTIONS BY DONALD TRUMP IN THE DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN POLICIES

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-III).07 10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-III).07
Authored by : Muhammad Nadeem Mirza , Lubna Abid Ali , Irfan Hasnain Qaisrani

07 Pages : 59-71

References

ACLU. (2020, February 10). Executive Order 13769: Timeline of the Muslim Ban. American Civil Liberties Union of Washington.
Ashbrook, C. C. (2020, March 1). The Trump Legacy and Its Consequences. Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/t rump-legacy-and-its-consequences
Barnes, J. E., & Cooper, H. (2019, January 15). Trump Discussed Pulling U.S. From NATO, Aides Say Amid New Concerns Over Russia. The New York Times.
Barnstein, J. (2021, July 26). How Trump Hijacked His Party's Best Resources. Bloomberg Opinion. https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/artic les/2021-07-26/how-trump-hijacked-the- republican-party-s-best-resources
BBC. (2021, January 13). President Trump becomes first president to be impeached twice. British Broadcasting Corporation News.
Beinart, P. (2019, June 20). Bolton Keeps Trying to Goad Iran into War. The Atlantic.
Bernstein, J. (2021, July 26). How Trump Hijacked His Party's Best Resources. Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/artic les/2021-07-26/how-trump-hijacked-the- republican-party-s-best-resources
Bogaards, M. (2017). Lessons from Brexit and Trump: Populism is what happens when political parties lose control. Zeitschrift FÃƒÂ¼r Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 11(4), 513-518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286- 017-0352-y
Brands, H. (2017). U.S. Grand Strategy in an Age of Nationalism: Fortress America and its Alternatives. The Washington Quarterly, 40(1), 73-94. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2017.130 2740
Brennan, D. (2021, February 17). Donald Trump tried to arrange Iran meet eight times but was rebuffed, Rouhani claims. Newsweek.
Cobb, J. (2021, March 8). What Is Happening to the Republicans? The New Yorker.
Corasaniti, N., & Epstein, R. J. (2021, June 19). How Republican States Are Expanding Their Power Over Elections. The New York Times.
Davis, E. (2010). An Administrative Trail of Tears: Indian Removal. American Journal of Legal History, 50(1), 49-100. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajlh/50.1.49
Dimock, M., & Gramlich, J. (2021, January 29). How America Changed During Trump's Presidency. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/2021/01/29/ how-america-changed-during-donald- trumps-presidency/
Douthat, R. (2020, January 7). Andrew Jackson in the Persian Gulf. The New York Times.
Dyson, M. E. (2016, February). Whose President Was He? Politico Magazine. https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/ 2016/01/barack-obama-race-relations- 213493
Easley, L. E. (2020). Trump and Kim Jong Un: Climbing the Diplomatic Ladder. North Korean Review, 16(1), 103-110.
Eiermann, M. (2016). How Donald Trump Fits Into the History of American Populism. New Perspectives Quarterly, 33(2), 29-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/npqu.12033
Emmott, R. (2019, November 26). In gesture to Trump, US allies close to deal to pay more for NATO running costs. Reuters.
Fedor, L. (2021, June 27). Trump's return to the political stage has Republicans jostling. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/47332827- 8c1b-49fd-9b6f-2200706a03de
Galbraith, P. W. (2019, November 21). The Betrayal of the Kurds. The New York Review of Books.
Goodheart, E. (2018). Trump's Cultural Populism. Society, 55(1), 22-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-017-0207-9
Goodman, C. J., & Mance, S. M. (2011, April). Employment loss and the 2007-09 recession: An overview. Monthly Labor Review.
Gramlich, J. (2021, January 13). How Trump compares with other recent presidents in appointing federal judges. Pew Research Center.
Guild, B., & Rieger, J. (2021, June 11). How the Republican Party became the party of Trump. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/ 2021/06/11/how-republican-party-became- party-trump/
Huber, R. A., & Schimpf, C. H. (2017). On the Distinct Effects of Left-Wing and Right-Wing Populism on Democratic Quality. Politics and Governance, 5(4), 146-165. https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000228385
Kazin, M. (1996). The Populist Persuasion: An American History.
Kessler, G. (2019, March 18). Did Wall Street get a 'trillion-dollar bailout' during the financial crisis? The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/ 2019/03/18/did-wall-street-get-trillion- dollar-bailout-during-financial-crisis/
Mead, W. R. (1999). The Jacksonian Tradition: And American Foreign Policy. The National Interest, 58, 5-29.
Mead, W. R. (2016, November 13). Donald Trump's Jacksonian Revolt. Hudson Institute. http://www.hudson.org/research/13010- donald-trump-s-jacksonian-revolt
Mirza, M. N. (2017). Emerging Geopolitical Entanglements and the US R4 S Strategy towards South Asia: A Neoclassical Realist Analysis. Changing Regional Political Dynamics in South Asia, Lahore.
Mirza, M. N., Abbas, H., & Baneen, U. (2020). Mapping Contours of Reconciliation and Peace Process in Afghanistan: Policy Options for Pakistan. Journal of Peace, Development and Communication, 4(1), 1- 22. https://doi.org/10.36968/JPDC-V04-I01- 01
Mirza, M. N., Abbas, H., & Nizamani, M. Q. (2020). Evaluating China's Soft Power Discourse: Assumptions, Strategies, and Objectives. Global Strategic and Security Studies Review, 5(4), 40-50. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2020(V- IV).05
Mirza, M. N., Babar, S. I., & Nizamani, F. Q. (2021). Leadership, Idiosyncrasies, and Political Behaviour: Personality Analyses of Presidents Donald Trump and Andrew Jackson. Global Political Review, 6(1), 12- 23. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI- I).02
Mudde, C., & Kaltwasser, C. R. (2013). Populism. In M. Freeden & M. Stears (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Ideologies. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/97801995 85977.013.0026
MÃƒÂ¼ller, J.-W. (2016). What Is Populism? In What Is Populism? University of Pennsylvania Press. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi /10.9783/9780812293784/html
Palin, S. (2008, September 3). Transcript - Palin's Speech.
Post, J. M. (2008). Political Personality Profiling. In A. Klotz & D. Prakash (Eds.), Qualitative Methods in International Relations: A Pluralist Guide (pp. 131-150). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230584129_9
Renan, E. (1882, March 11). What is a Nation?
Reuters. (2021, June 16). One in Three U.S. Election Officials Feels Unsafe-Survey. US News & World Report. www.usnews.com/news/top- news/articles/2021-06-16/one-in-three-us- election-officials-feels-unsafe-survey
Shierholz, H. (2009, January 9). Job losses ballooned in final quarter of 2008. Economic Policy Institute.
Strother, D. (2019, February 24). America lived through a Trump-like presidency before, with lasting consequences. The Hill. https://thehill.com/opinion/white- house/430927-america-lived-through-a- trump-like-presidency-before-with-lasting
Trump, D. J. (2015a). Great Again: How to Fix Our Crippled America.
Trump, D. J. (2015b, October 28). Transcript: Mexico going to pay for wall.
Trump, D. J. (2015c, November 12). Trump: I'd 'Bomb the S**t' Out of ISIS. The Daily Beast. https://www.thedailybeast.com/cheats/201 5/11/12/trump-i-d-bomb-the-s-t-out-of-isis
Trump, D. J. (2016a, April 27). Trump on Foreign Policy. The National Interest. https://nationalinterest.org/feature/trump- foreign-policy-15960
Trump, D. J. (2016b, June 3). Despite Trump's Rhetoric, GOP Senators Try to Reassure South Korea. The Diplomat.
Trump, D. J. (2016c, July 11).
Trump, D. J. (2016d, July 21). Full Transcript: President Trump's Republican National Convention Speech.
Trump, D. J. (2017a, May 25). Remarks by President Trump at NATO Unveiling of the Article 5 and Berlin Wall Memorials.
Trump, D. J. (2017b, June 1). Transcript: President Trump's remarks on leaving the Paris climate deal.
Trump, D. J. (2018, May 8). Full Transcript of Trump's Speech on the Iran Nuclear Deal.
Trump, D. J. (2019a, January 27). Full Transcript: Trump border wall speech.
Trump, D. J. (2019b, October 27). Text of Trump's Statement on Death of Baghdadi.
Uchitelle, L. (2009, January 9). U.S. lost 2.6 million jobs in 2008. The New York Times
Wang, C. (2017). The https://doi.org/10.1007/s41111- 017-0063-1
Weyland, K., & Madrid, R. L. (2019). Introduction: Donald Trump's Populism: What Are the Prospects for US Democracy? In K. Weyland & R. L. Madrid (Eds.), When Democracy Trumps Populism: European and Latin American Lessons for the United States. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108692793
Wojczewski, T. (2020). Trump, Populism, and American Foreign Policy. Foreign Policy Analysis, 16(3), 292-311. https://doi.org/10.1093/fpa/orz021
Zimmerman, A. (1917). The Zimmerman Telegram: Offering Alliance with the Mexico. German Government. National Archive of the United States
Zurcher, A. (2018, January 12). Ten ways Trump has changed America. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us- canada-42653793

References

ACLU. (2020, February 10). Executive Order 13769: Timeline of the Muslim Ban. American Civil Liberties Union of Washington.
Ashbrook, C. C. (2020, March 1). The Trump Legacy and Its Consequences. Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/t rump-legacy-and-its-consequences
Barnes, J. E., & Cooper, H. (2019, January 15). Trump Discussed Pulling U.S. From NATO, Aides Say Amid New Concerns Over Russia. The New York Times.
Barnstein, J. (2021, July 26). How Trump Hijacked His Party's Best Resources. Bloomberg Opinion. https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/artic les/2021-07-26/how-trump-hijacked-the- republican-party-s-best-resources
BBC. (2021, January 13). President Trump becomes first president to be impeached twice. British Broadcasting Corporation News.
Beinart, P. (2019, June 20). Bolton Keeps Trying to Goad Iran into War. The Atlantic.
Bernstein, J. (2021, July 26). How Trump Hijacked His Party's Best Resources. Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/artic les/2021-07-26/how-trump-hijacked-the- republican-party-s-best-resources
Bogaards, M. (2017). Lessons from Brexit and Trump: Populism is what happens when political parties lose control. Zeitschrift FÃƒÂ¼r Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 11(4), 513-518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286- 017-0352-y
Brands, H. (2017). U.S. Grand Strategy in an Age of Nationalism: Fortress America and its Alternatives. The Washington Quarterly, 40(1), 73-94. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2017.130 2740
Brennan, D. (2021, February 17). Donald Trump tried to arrange Iran meet eight times but was rebuffed, Rouhani claims. Newsweek.
Cobb, J. (2021, March 8). What Is Happening to the Republicans? The New Yorker.
Corasaniti, N., & Epstein, R. J. (2021, June 19). How Republican States Are Expanding Their Power Over Elections. The New York Times.
Davis, E. (2010). An Administrative Trail of Tears: Indian Removal. American Journal of Legal History, 50(1), 49-100. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajlh/50.1.49
Dimock, M., & Gramlich, J. (2021, January 29). How America Changed During Trump's Presidency. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/2021/01/29/ how-america-changed-during-donald- trumps-presidency/
Douthat, R. (2020, January 7). Andrew Jackson in the Persian Gulf. The New York Times.
Dyson, M. E. (2016, February). Whose President Was He? Politico Magazine. https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/ 2016/01/barack-obama-race-relations- 213493
Easley, L. E. (2020). Trump and Kim Jong Un: Climbing the Diplomatic Ladder. North Korean Review, 16(1), 103-110.
Eiermann, M. (2016). How Donald Trump Fits Into the History of American Populism. New Perspectives Quarterly, 33(2), 29-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/npqu.12033
Emmott, R. (2019, November 26). In gesture to Trump, US allies close to deal to pay more for NATO running costs. Reuters.
Fedor, L. (2021, June 27). Trump's return to the political stage has Republicans jostling. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/47332827- 8c1b-49fd-9b6f-2200706a03de
Galbraith, P. W. (2019, November 21). The Betrayal of the Kurds. The New York Review of Books.
Goodheart, E. (2018). Trump's Cultural Populism. Society, 55(1), 22-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-017-0207-9
Goodman, C. J., & Mance, S. M. (2011, April). Employment loss and the 2007-09 recession: An overview. Monthly Labor Review.
Gramlich, J. (2021, January 13). How Trump compares with other recent presidents in appointing federal judges. Pew Research Center.
Guild, B., & Rieger, J. (2021, June 11). How the Republican Party became the party of Trump. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/ 2021/06/11/how-republican-party-became- party-trump/
Huber, R. A., & Schimpf, C. H. (2017). On the Distinct Effects of Left-Wing and Right-Wing Populism on Democratic Quality. Politics and Governance, 5(4), 146-165. https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000228385
Kazin, M. (1996). The Populist Persuasion: An American History.
Kessler, G. (2019, March 18). Did Wall Street get a 'trillion-dollar bailout' during the financial crisis? The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/ 2019/03/18/did-wall-street-get-trillion- dollar-bailout-during-financial-crisis/
Mead, W. R. (1999). The Jacksonian Tradition: And American Foreign Policy. The National Interest, 58, 5-29.
Mead, W. R. (2016, November 13). Donald Trump's Jacksonian Revolt. Hudson Institute. http://www.hudson.org/research/13010- donald-trump-s-jacksonian-revolt
Mirza, M. N. (2017). Emerging Geopolitical Entanglements and the US R4 S Strategy towards South Asia: A Neoclassical Realist Analysis. Changing Regional Political Dynamics in South Asia, Lahore.
Mirza, M. N., Abbas, H., & Baneen, U. (2020). Mapping Contours of Reconciliation and Peace Process in Afghanistan: Policy Options for Pakistan. Journal of Peace, Development and Communication, 4(1), 1- 22. https://doi.org/10.36968/JPDC-V04-I01- 01
Mirza, M. N., Abbas, H., & Nizamani, M. Q. (2020). Evaluating China's Soft Power Discourse: Assumptions, Strategies, and Objectives. Global Strategic and Security Studies Review, 5(4), 40-50. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2020(V- IV).05
Mirza, M. N., Babar, S. I., & Nizamani, F. Q. (2021). Leadership, Idiosyncrasies, and Political Behaviour: Personality Analyses of Presidents Donald Trump and Andrew Jackson. Global Political Review, 6(1), 12- 23. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI- I).02
Mudde, C., & Kaltwasser, C. R. (2013). Populism. In M. Freeden & M. Stears (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Ideologies. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/97801995 85977.013.0026
MÃƒÂ¼ller, J.-W. (2016). What Is Populism? In What Is Populism? University of Pennsylvania Press. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi /10.9783/9780812293784/html
Palin, S. (2008, September 3). Transcript - Palin's Speech.
Post, J. M. (2008). Political Personality Profiling. In A. Klotz & D. Prakash (Eds.), Qualitative Methods in International Relations: A Pluralist Guide (pp. 131-150). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230584129_9
Renan, E. (1882, March 11). What is a Nation?
Reuters. (2021, June 16). One in Three U.S. Election Officials Feels Unsafe-Survey. US News & World Report. www.usnews.com/news/top- news/articles/2021-06-16/one-in-three-us- election-officials-feels-unsafe-survey
Shierholz, H. (2009, January 9). Job losses ballooned in final quarter of 2008. Economic Policy Institute.
Strother, D. (2019, February 24). America lived through a Trump-like presidency before, with lasting consequences. The Hill. https://thehill.com/opinion/white- house/430927-america-lived-through-a- trump-like-presidency-before-with-lasting
Trump, D. J. (2015a). Great Again: How to Fix Our Crippled America.
Trump, D. J. (2015b, October 28). Transcript: Mexico going to pay for wall.
Trump, D. J. (2015c, November 12). Trump: I'd 'Bomb the S**t' Out of ISIS. The Daily Beast. https://www.thedailybeast.com/cheats/201 5/11/12/trump-i-d-bomb-the-s-t-out-of-isis
Trump, D. J. (2016a, April 27). Trump on Foreign Policy. The National Interest. https://nationalinterest.org/feature/trump- foreign-policy-15960
Trump, D. J. (2016b, June 3). Despite Trump's Rhetoric, GOP Senators Try to Reassure South Korea. The Diplomat.
Trump, D. J. (2016c, July 11).
Trump, D. J. (2016d, July 21). Full Transcript: President Trump's Republican National Convention Speech.
Trump, D. J. (2017a, May 25). Remarks by President Trump at NATO Unveiling of the Article 5 and Berlin Wall Memorials.
Trump, D. J. (2017b, June 1). Transcript: President Trump's remarks on leaving the Paris climate deal.
Trump, D. J. (2018, May 8). Full Transcript of Trump's Speech on the Iran Nuclear Deal.
Trump, D. J. (2019a, January 27). Full Transcript: Trump border wall speech.
Trump, D. J. (2019b, October 27). Text of Trump's Statement on Death of Baghdadi.
Uchitelle, L. (2009, January 9). U.S. lost 2.6 million jobs in 2008. The New York Times
Wang, C. (2017). The https://doi.org/10.1007/s41111- 017-0063-1
Weyland, K., & Madrid, R. L. (2019). Introduction: Donald Trump's Populism: What Are the Prospects for US Democracy? In K. Weyland & R. L. Madrid (Eds.), When Democracy Trumps Populism: European and Latin American Lessons for the United States. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108692793
Wojczewski, T. (2020). Trump, Populism, and American Foreign Policy. Foreign Policy Analysis, 16(3), 292-311. https://doi.org/10.1093/fpa/orz021
Zimmerman, A. (1917). The Zimmerman Telegram: Offering Alliance with the Mexico. German Government. National Archive of the United States
Zurcher, A. (2018, January 12). Ten ways Trump has changed America. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us- canada-42653793