References
- Adler, M., and Dumas, B.(1984). Exposure to currency risk: Definition and measurement, Financial Management, 13(2), pp. 41-50.
- Aggarwal, R., and Harper, J.(2010). Foreign exchange exposure of
- Altman, E.(1968). Financial ratios, Discriminant Analysis and the Prediction of Corporate Bankruptcy, Journal of Finance: 23, 589-609.
- Anand, K. (2001). Industrial structure and the exchange-rate exposure of industry portfolio returns, Global Finance Journal, 12, 285-297.
- Andrade, G. and Kaplan, S.N. (1998). How Costly is financial (not Economic) Distress? Evidence from Highly Leveraged Transactions that Became Distressed, Journal of Finance, 53, 1443-1494.
- Asquith P, Gertner, R., and Scharfstein, D.(1994). Anatomy of Financial Distress: An Examination of Junk-bond Issuers. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109(3), 1189-1222.
- Bartov, E., Bodnar, G.M., (1994),
- Bartram, M, S., Brown, G., W. and Minton, B., A. (2010). Resolving the exposure puzzle: The many facets of exchange rate exposure, Journal of Financial Economics, 95, 148-173.
- Bartram, S.M.(2007). Corporate cash flow and stock price exposures to foreign exchange rate risk, Journal of Corporate Finance, 13, 981-994.
- Bergbrant, M. and Hunter, D. M., (2011),
- Bodnar, M. G., Dumas, B., Marston, C. R.(2002). Pass-through and Exposure, The Journal of Finance, LVII (I), 199-232.
- Campello, M., John G., and Harvey G. R.(2010). The Real Effects of Financial Constraints: Evidence from a Financial Crisis, NBER Working Paper No. 15552.
- Choi, J.J., Prasad, A.M. (1995). Exchange risk sensitivity and its determinants: a firm and industry analysis of U.S. multinationals, Financial Management, 24 (3), 77-88.
- Chow, E., and. Chen, H. H-L. (1998). The determinants of foreign exchange rate exposure: Evidence on Japanese firms, Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 6, 153-174.
- Dominguez, K.M.E. and Tesar, L.L. (2006). Exchange rate exposure, Journal of International Economics, 68, 188- 218.
- El-Masry, A. and Abdel- Salam, O. (2007). Exchange rate exposure: do size and foreign operations matter, Managerial Finance, 33(9), 741-765.
- Faff, R.W., and Marshall, A.(2005). International Evidence on Determinants of Foreign Exchange Rate Exposure of Multinational Companies, Journal of International Business Studies, 36, 539-538.
- Fornes, G. and Cardoza, G. (2009). Foreign exchange exposure in emerging markets. A study of Spanish companies in Latin America. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 4(1), 6-25.
- Grambovas C.A., and McLeay's.,(2006),
- Jorion, P., (1990),
- Jorion, P., (1991),
- Kaplan, S., N., and Zingales, L., (1997),
- Karamzadeh, M. S.(2013). Application and Comparison of Altman and Ohlson Models to Predict Bankruptcy of Companies, Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 5(6), 13-21.
- Kim, S.K., and Kraple, A. (2014). Foreign Exchange Exposure, Financial Distress and Bankruptcy, EFA, conference, USA.
- Madura, J. (2003). International Financial Management (7th ed.). South-Western Boston, MA: College Publishing.
- Modigliani, F., and Miller, M., (1958),
- Moosa, I.(2009). International Finance: an analytical approach, (Ed, 3).
- Ohlson, J., (1980),
- Salifu, Z., Osei, K. A. and Adjasi, C. K.D. (2007). Foreign exchange risk exposure of listed companies in Ghana. The Journal of Risk Finance, 8(4), 380-393.
- Shapiro, A.C. (1975). Exchange rate changes, inflation, and the value of the multinational corporation, The Journal of Finance, 30, 485-502.
- Sidra, A.M. and Attiya, J. (2013). Determinants of Financial Performance of a firm: Case of Pakistani Stock Market, Journal of Economics and International Finance, 5(2), 43-52.
- Stulz, R.M.(2003). Derivatives, Risk Management, and Financial Engineering. Cincinnati: Southwestern Publishing Co.
- Sukor, M.E.A. (2014). Exchange Rate Exposure of Developed and emerging Markets: A Review, International review of research in emerging markets and the global Economy (IRREM), 1(2), 108-121
- Wei, K.D. and Starks, L.T. (2013). Foreign Exchange Exposure Elasticity and Financial Distress, Financial Management. Winter, 709 - 735.
- Whitaker, R. B. (1999),
- Williamson, R. (2001). Exchange rate exposure and competition: Evidence from the automotive industry, Journal of Financial Economics, 59, 441-475.
- Wruck, K. H. (1990). Financial distress, reorganization, and organizational efficiency, Journal of Financial Economics, 27, 419-444
- Madura, J. (2002). International Financial Management, (10th ed.).
- Imad A. Musa. (2002). international Finance, 3rd edition
- Eun & Resnick. (2001). International Financial Management, (2 nd ed.).
- Adler, M., and Dumas, B.(1984). Exposure to currency risk: Definition and measurement, Financial Management, 13(2), pp. 41-50.
- Aggarwal, R., and Harper, J.(2010). Foreign exchange exposure of
- Altman, E.(1968). Financial ratios, Discriminant Analysis and the Prediction of Corporate Bankruptcy, Journal of Finance: 23, 589-609.
- Anand, K. (2001). Industrial structure and the exchange-rate exposure of industry portfolio returns, Global Finance Journal, 12, 285-297.
- Andrade, G. and Kaplan, S.N. (1998). How Costly is financial (not Economic) Distress? Evidence from Highly Leveraged Transactions that Became Distressed, Journal of Finance, 53, 1443-1494.
- Asquith P, Gertner, R., and Scharfstein, D.(1994). Anatomy of Financial Distress: An Examination of Junk-bond Issuers. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109(3), 1189-1222.
- Bartov, E., Bodnar, G.M., (1994),
- Bartram, M, S., Brown, G., W. and Minton, B., A. (2010). Resolving the exposure puzzle: The many facets of exchange rate exposure, Journal of Financial Economics, 95, 148-173.
- Bartram, S.M.(2007). Corporate cash flow and stock price exposures to foreign exchange rate risk, Journal of Corporate Finance, 13, 981-994.
- Bergbrant, M. and Hunter, D. M., (2011),
- Bodnar, M. G., Dumas, B., Marston, C. R.(2002). Pass-through and Exposure, The Journal of Finance, LVII (I), 199-232.
- Campello, M., John G., and Harvey G. R.(2010). The Real Effects of Financial Constraints: Evidence from a Financial Crisis, NBER Working Paper No. 15552.
- Choi, J.J., Prasad, A.M. (1995). Exchange risk sensitivity and its determinants: a firm and industry analysis of U.S. multinationals, Financial Management, 24 (3), 77-88.
- Chow, E., and. Chen, H. H-L. (1998). The determinants of foreign exchange rate exposure: Evidence on Japanese firms, Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 6, 153-174.
- Dominguez, K.M.E. and Tesar, L.L. (2006). Exchange rate exposure, Journal of International Economics, 68, 188- 218.
- El-Masry, A. and Abdel- Salam, O. (2007). Exchange rate exposure: do size and foreign operations matter, Managerial Finance, 33(9), 741-765.
- Faff, R.W., and Marshall, A.(2005). International Evidence on Determinants of Foreign Exchange Rate Exposure of Multinational Companies, Journal of International Business Studies, 36, 539-538.
- Fornes, G. and Cardoza, G. (2009). Foreign exchange exposure in emerging markets. A study of Spanish companies in Latin America. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 4(1), 6-25.
- Grambovas C.A., and McLeay's.,(2006),
- Jorion, P., (1990),
- Jorion, P., (1991),
- Kaplan, S., N., and Zingales, L., (1997),
- Karamzadeh, M. S.(2013). Application and Comparison of Altman and Ohlson Models to Predict Bankruptcy of Companies, Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 5(6), 13-21.
- Kim, S.K., and Kraple, A. (2014). Foreign Exchange Exposure, Financial Distress and Bankruptcy, EFA, conference, USA.
- Madura, J. (2003). International Financial Management (7th ed.). South-Western Boston, MA: College Publishing.
- Modigliani, F., and Miller, M., (1958),
- Moosa, I.(2009). International Finance: an analytical approach, (Ed, 3).
- Ohlson, J., (1980),
- Salifu, Z., Osei, K. A. and Adjasi, C. K.D. (2007). Foreign exchange risk exposure of listed companies in Ghana. The Journal of Risk Finance, 8(4), 380-393.
- Shapiro, A.C. (1975). Exchange rate changes, inflation, and the value of the multinational corporation, The Journal of Finance, 30, 485-502.
- Sidra, A.M. and Attiya, J. (2013). Determinants of Financial Performance of a firm: Case of Pakistani Stock Market, Journal of Economics and International Finance, 5(2), 43-52.
- Stulz, R.M.(2003). Derivatives, Risk Management, and Financial Engineering. Cincinnati: Southwestern Publishing Co.
- Sukor, M.E.A. (2014). Exchange Rate Exposure of Developed and emerging Markets: A Review, International review of research in emerging markets and the global Economy (IRREM), 1(2), 108-121
- Wei, K.D. and Starks, L.T. (2013). Foreign Exchange Exposure Elasticity and Financial Distress, Financial Management. Winter, 709 - 735.
- Whitaker, R. B. (1999),
- Williamson, R. (2001). Exchange rate exposure and competition: Evidence from the automotive industry, Journal of Financial Economics, 59, 441-475.
- Wruck, K. H. (1990). Financial distress, reorganization, and organizational efficiency, Journal of Financial Economics, 27, 419-444
- Madura, J. (2002). International Financial Management, (10th ed.).
- Imad A. Musa. (2002). international Finance, 3rd edition
- Eun & Resnick. (2001). International Financial Management, (2 nd ed.).
Cite this article
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APA : Bakhsh, A., & Shah, S. Z. A. (2018). Impact of Foreign Exchange Exposure Elasticity on Financial Distress of Firms: A Comparison of Developed and Emerging Economies. Global Social Sciences Review, III(I), 18-44. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).02
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CHICAGO : Bakhsh, Allah, and Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah. 2018. "Impact of Foreign Exchange Exposure Elasticity on Financial Distress of Firms: A Comparison of Developed and Emerging Economies." Global Social Sciences Review, III (I): 18-44 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).02
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HARVARD : BAKHSH, A. & SHAH, S. Z. A. 2018. Impact of Foreign Exchange Exposure Elasticity on Financial Distress of Firms: A Comparison of Developed and Emerging Economies. Global Social Sciences Review, III, 18-44.
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MHRA : Bakhsh, Allah, and Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah. 2018. "Impact of Foreign Exchange Exposure Elasticity on Financial Distress of Firms: A Comparison of Developed and Emerging Economies." Global Social Sciences Review, III: 18-44
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MLA : Bakhsh, Allah, and Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah. "Impact of Foreign Exchange Exposure Elasticity on Financial Distress of Firms: A Comparison of Developed and Emerging Economies." Global Social Sciences Review, III.I (2018): 18-44 Print.
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OXFORD : Bakhsh, Allah and Shah, Syed Zulfiqar Ali (2018), "Impact of Foreign Exchange Exposure Elasticity on Financial Distress of Firms: A Comparison of Developed and Emerging Economies", Global Social Sciences Review, III (I), 18-44
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TURABIAN : Bakhsh, Allah, and Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah. "Impact of Foreign Exchange Exposure Elasticity on Financial Distress of Firms: A Comparison of Developed and Emerging Economies." Global Social Sciences Review III, no. I (2018): 18-44. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).02