ROLE OF INDIVIDUALS SUBJECTIVE WELLBEING IN EXPOSURE TO HATE MATERIAL ON TWITTER AN ANALYSIS OF LAHOREBASED UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).03      10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).03      Published : Jun 2
Authored by : Farwa Manzoor , Tanveer Hussain

03 Pages : 26-41

References

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  • Costello, M., Hawdon, J., Ratliff, T., & Grantham, T. (2016). Who views online extremism? Individual attributes leading to exposure. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 311–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.033
  • Costello, M., Restifo, S. J., & Hawdon, J. (2021). Viewing anti-immigrant hate online: An application of routine activity and Social Structure-Social Learning Theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 124, 106927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.10692 7.
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  • Douglas, K. M., Mcgarty, C., Bliuc, A.-M., & Lala, G. (2005). Understanding cyberhate: Social competition and social creativity in online white supremacist groups. Social Science Computer Review, 23(1), 68–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/08944393042715 38.
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References

  • Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2001). Effects of Violent Video Games on Aggressive Behavior, Aggressive Cognition, Aggressive Affect, Physiological Arousal, and Prosocial Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Scientific Literature. Psychological Science, 12(5), 353–359. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467- 9280.00366.
  • Awais, M., Ali, F., & Kanwal, A. (2020). Individual-Level Factors and Variation in Exposure to Online Hate Material: A Cross- National Comparison of Four Asian Countries. Journal of Media Studies, 35(2), 127-164.
  • Awan, I. (2014). Islamophobia and Twitter: A Typology of Online Hate against Muslims on Social Media. Policy & Internet, 6(2), 133– 150. https://doi.org/10.1002/1944- 2866.poi364
  • Banks, J. (2011). European Regulation of Cross- Border Hate Speech in Cyberspace: The Limits of Legislation. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, 19(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1163/157181711x5539 33.
  • Blazak, R. (2009). Toward a working definition of hate groups. Hate crimes, 3(1), 133-162
  • Bossler, A. M., Holt, T. J., & May, D. C. (2011). Predicting Online Harassment Victimization Among a Juvenile Population. Youth & Society, 44(4), 500–523. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118x114075 25.
  • Bowman-Grieve, L. (2009). Exploring “Stormfront”: A Virtual Community of the Radical Right. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 32(11), 989–1007. https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100903259 951.
  • Brown, C. (2009). WWW.HATE.COM: White Supremacist Discourse on the Internet and the Construction of Whiteness Ideology. Howard Journal of Communications, 20(2), 189–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/10646170902869 544
  • Brown, J. D., & Bobkowski, P. S. (2011). Older and Newer Media: Patterns of Use and Effects on Adolescents’ Health and Well-Being. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21(1), 95–113. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532- 7795.2010.00717.x.
  • Brusilovskiy, E., Townley, G., Snethen, G., & Salzer, M. S. (2016). Social media use, community participation and psychological well-being among individuals with serious mental illnesses. Computers in Human Behavior, 65, 232–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.08.036
  • Castaño-Pulgarín, S. A., Suárez-Betancur, N., Vega, L. M. T., & López, H. M. H. (2021). Internet, social media and online hate speech. Systematic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 58, 101608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2021.10160 8.
  • Chou, H.-T. G., & Edge, N. (2012). “They Are Happier and Having Better Lives than I Am”: The Impact of Using Facebook on Perceptions of Others’ Lives. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(2), 117–121. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2011.0324.Chou, H.-T. G., & Edge, N. (2012). “They Are Happier and Having Better Lives than I Am”: The Impact of Using Facebook on Perceptions of Others’ Lives. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(2), 117–121. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2011.0324.
  • Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1979). Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: a Routine Activity Approach. American Sociological Review, 44(4), 588–608. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2094589
  • Costello, M., Hawdon, J., & Ratliff, T. N. (2016). Confronting online extremism: The effect of self-help, collective efficacy, and guardianship on being a target for hate speech. Social Science Computer Review, 35(5), 587–605. https://doi.org/10.1177/08944393166662 72.
  • Costello, M., Hawdon, J., Ratliff, T., & Grantham, T. (2016). Who views online extremism? Individual attributes leading to exposure. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 311–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.033
  • Costello, M., Restifo, S. J., & Hawdon, J. (2021). Viewing anti-immigrant hate online: An application of routine activity and Social Structure-Social Learning Theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 124, 106927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.10692 7.
  • Demir, M., & Özdemir, M. (2009). Friendship, Need Satisfaction and Happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 11(2), 243–259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-009-9138- 5.
  • Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of personality assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
  • Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276–302. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033- 2909.125.2.276.
  • Douglas, K. M., Mcgarty, C., Bliuc, A.-M., & Lala, G. (2005). Understanding cyberhate: Social competition and social creativity in online white supremacist groups. Social Science Computer Review, 23(1), 68–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/08944393042715 38.
  • Dowd, N. E., Singer, D. G., & Wilson, R. F. (Eds.). (2006). Handbook of children, culture, and violence. Sage.
  • Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The Benefits of Facebook “Friends:” Social Capital and College Students’ Use of Online Social Network Sites. Journal of Computer- Mediated Communication, 12(4), 1143– 1168. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083- 6101.2007.00367.x.
  • Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R. K., & Turner, H. A. (2007). Poly-victimization: A neglected component in child victimization. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31(1), 7–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.06. 008
  • Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R. K., & Turner, H. A. (2007). Polyvictimization and trauma in a national longitudinal cohort. Development and Psychopathology, 19(01). https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579407070 083.
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Cite this article

APA

    APA : Manzoor, F., & Hussain, T. (2023). Role of Individual's Subjective Well-Being in Exposure to Hate Material on Twitter; An Analysis of Lahore-Based University Students. Global Social Sciences Review, VIII(II), 26-41. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).03

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Manzoor, Farwa, and Tanveer Hussain. 2023. "Role of Individual's Subjective Well-Being in Exposure to Hate Material on Twitter; An Analysis of Lahore-Based University Students." Global Social Sciences Review, VIII (II): 26-41 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).03

HARVARD

    HARVARD : MANZOOR, F. & HUSSAIN, T. 2023. Role of Individual's Subjective Well-Being in Exposure to Hate Material on Twitter; An Analysis of Lahore-Based University Students. Global Social Sciences Review, VIII, 26-41.

MHRA

    MHRA : Manzoor, Farwa, and Tanveer Hussain. 2023. "Role of Individual's Subjective Well-Being in Exposure to Hate Material on Twitter; An Analysis of Lahore-Based University Students." Global Social Sciences Review, VIII: 26-41

MLA

    MLA : Manzoor, Farwa, and Tanveer Hussain. "Role of Individual's Subjective Well-Being in Exposure to Hate Material on Twitter; An Analysis of Lahore-Based University Students." Global Social Sciences Review, VIII.II (2023): 26-41 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Manzoor, Farwa and Hussain, Tanveer (2023), "Role of Individual's Subjective Well-Being in Exposure to Hate Material on Twitter; An Analysis of Lahore-Based University Students", Global Social Sciences Review, VIII (II), 26-41

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Manzoor, Farwa, and Tanveer Hussain. "Role of Individual's Subjective Well-Being in Exposure to Hate Material on Twitter; An Analysis of Lahore-Based University Students." Global Social Sciences Review VIII, no. II (2023): 26-41. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).03