References
- ADB (2005),
- Akinyomi, O.J., and O. Adebayo, 2013. Effect of firm size on profitability: Evidence from Nigerian manufacturing sector. Prime Journal of Business Administration and Management, 3(9). 1171-1175.
- Alhaji A. F., and Huettner David (2000).
- Andrews, D. 1993. Optimal tests when a nuisance parameter is present only under the alternative Econometric. 61, 821-856.
- Apergis, N., & Miller, S.M., 2009. Do structural oil-market shocks affect stock prices? Energy Economics, 31(4). 569-575.
- Arouri, M. E. H., Jouini, J., & Nguyen, D. K. (2011). Volatility spillovers between oil prices and stock sector returns: Implications for portfolio management. Journal of International Money and Finance, 30(7), 1387-1405.
- Arouri, M. E. H., Lahiani, A., & Nguyen, D. K. (2011). Return and volatility transmission between world oil prices and stock markets of the GCC countries. Economic Modelling, 28(4), 1815-1825.
- ASSOCHAM Event (2007), 10th Energy Summit,
- BAIC Economic Review (2006)
- Barsky, Robert, B., and Lutz Kilian. (2004). Oil and the Macro-economy since the 1970s. Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, 18(4), 115-134.
- Basher, S. A., & Sadorsky, P. (2006). Oil price risk and emerging stock markets. Global Finance Journal, 17(2), 224-251.
- Bastianin, A., & Manera, M. 2017. How does stock market volatility react to oil price shocks? Macroeconomic Dynamics, 22(3). 666-682.
- Bernanke, B.S. 1983. Irreversibility, uncertainty, and cyclical investment. Querterly Journal of Economics, 98, 85- 106.
- Bernanke, Ben S., and Gertler, Mark & Watson, Mark W, (1997),
- Bouri, E. (2015). Return and volatility linkages between oil prices and the Lebanese stock market in crisis periods. Energy, 89, 365-371.
- Caporale, G. M., Menla Ali, F., & Spagnolo, N. (2014). Oil price uncertainty and sectoral stock returns in China: A time-varying approach. China Economic Review, 34, 311-321.
- Chan, W. H., and Maheu, J. M. (2002). Conditional Jump Dynamics in Stock Market Returns. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 20(3), 377-389.
- Chen, N.F., Roll, R. & Ross, S. 1986. Economic Forces and the Stock Market. The Journal of Business, 59(3). 383- 403
- Chen, S-S. 2009. Oil price pass-through into inflation. Energy Economics Journal, 31, 126-133.
- Chen, W., Hamori, S., & Kinkyo, T. 2014. Macroeconomic impacts of oil prices and underlying financial shocks. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 29(C).1-12.
- Chiang, I. H. E., and Hughen, W. K. (2017). Do oil futures prices predict stock returns? Journal of Banking and Finance, 79, 129-141.
- Ciner, C. (2001). Energy Shocks and Financial Markets: Non-linear Linkages. Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics and Econometrics, 5(3), 203-212.
- Ciner, C. (2013). Oil and stock returns: Frequency domain evidence. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 23(1), 1-11.
- Cologni, A., M, Manera. 2008. Oil prices, inflation and interest rates in a structural co-integrated VAR model for the G-7 countries. Energy Economics Journal, 30, 856-888.
- Diaz, E. M., Molero, J. C., and Perez de Gracia, F. (2016). Oil price volatility and stock returns in the G7 economies. Energy Economics, 54, 417-430.
- Driesprong, G., Jacobsen, B., and Maat, B. (2008). Striking oil: Another puzzle? Journal of Financial Economics, 89(2), 307-327.
- Elder, J. 2004. Another perspective on the effects of inflation volatility. Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 36, 911-928.
- Elder, J., Serletis, A. 2009. Oil price uncertainty in Canada. Energy Economics Journal, 31, 852-856.
- El-Sharif, I., Brown, D., Burton, B., Nixon, B., & Russell, A. 2005.Evidence on the nature and extent of the relationship between oil prices and equity values in the UK. Energy Economics,27(6). 819-830
- Faff RW., Brails ford, TJ. (1999). Oil price risk and the Australian stock market. J Energy Finance, 4(1), 69-87.
- Fatima, T., and Bashir, A. 2014. Oil price and stock market fluctuations: Emerging markets (a comparative study of Pakistan and China). International Review of Management and Business Research, 3(4). 19-58.
- Government of India (2006b): Report of Working Group of Petroleum & Natural Gas Sector for the 11th Plan 2007- 2012, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, New Delhi, November, 2006.
- Government of India (2006c): Towards Faster and More Inclusive Growth, An approach to the 11th Five Year Plan, Planning Commission, New Delhi, December, 2006.
- Government of India (2006d): Public Enterprises Survey 2005-06:Vol I, (Ch- 3); Pricing Policy in CPSEs, New Delhi.
- Government of India, Planning Commission, New Delhi (August -2006): 'Integrated Energy Policy', Report of Expert Committee.
- Gujarati, Damodar (1995): Basic Econometrics, McGraw-Hill International Edition-2007.
- Gupta .S .P (2004):
- Gupta, R., and Modise, MP 2013. Does the source of oil price shocks matter for South African stock returns? A structural VAR approach. Energy Economics, 40(C). 825-831.
- Hamilton, J.D. 2003. What is an oil shock? Journal of econometrics, 113(2). 363-398.
- Hammoudeh S., Aleisa E. (2004). Dynamic relationship among GCC stock markets and NYMEX oil futures. Contemp Economic Policy, 22(2), 250-269.
- Hammoudeh, S., Li H. (2004). Risk-return relationships in oil-sensitive stock markets. Finance Lett 2(3), 10-15
- Harris, R.I.D. 1995. Using cointegration analysis in econometric modeling. Hertfordshire, Prentice Hall, United Kingdom.
- Hendry, D.F. 1995. Dynamic Econometrics. Oxford University Press, Oxford (United Kingdom). Hirsh, M. 2009. The end of oil. The NY Times.
- Hooker, M. A. (1996) 'What happened to the oil price-macro-economy relationship?'. Journal of Monetary Economics, 38, 195-213
- Ibrahim, MH., Aziz H. (2003). Macroeconomic variables and the Malaysian equity market: a view through rolling subsamples. J Econ Study, 30(1), 6-27.
- Jan, W., Jebran, K. (2015). Empirical analyses of volatility spillover from G5 stock markets to Karachi stock exchange. Pak J Commerce Social Sciences, 9(3), 928-939.
- Jebran, K., Iqbal A. (2016b). Examining volatility spillover between Asian countries' stock markets. China Finance Econ Rev, 4(1), 1-13.
- Jebran, K., Iqbal, A. (2016a). Dynamics of volatility spillover between stock market and foreign exchange market: evidence from Asian countries. Finance Innovation, 2(1), 1-20.
- Johansen, S., Juselius, K. (1990). Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on co- integration with applications to the demand for money. Oxf Bull Econ Stat, 52(2), 169-210.
- Jones, C., and Kaul, G. (1996). Oil and the stock markets. Journal of Finance, 5, 463-491.
- Jones, C., Kaul G. (1996). Oil and the stock markets. J Finance, 51(2), 463-491.
- Kang, W., Perez de Gracia, F., and Ratti, R.A. (2017). Oil price shocks, policy uncertainty, and stock returns of oil and gas corporations. Journal of International Money and Finance, 70(1). 344-359
- Kilian, L., and Park, C. (2009). The impact of oil price shocks on the US stock market. International Economic Review, 50. 1267-1287.
- Kling, J. (1985). Oil price shocks and stock market behavior. J Portf Manag, 12(1), 34-39.
- Lardic, S., M, Valerie. 2008. Oil prices and economic activity: An asymmetric co-integration approach. Energy Economics Journal, 30, 847-855.
- Lee, K., and Ni, S. (2002). On the dynamic effects of oil shocks. A study using industry level data. Journal of Monetary Economics, 49, 823-852.
- Lee, K., R.A., Ratti. 1995. Oil shocks and the macro economy: the role of price volatility. Energy Journal, 16, 39- 56.
- Levin, A., Lin. CF, and Chu, C.S.J. (2002). Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite sample properties. Journal of Economics, 108(1). 1-24.
- Levy, M., and Levy, H. (1996). The danger of assuming homogeneous expectations. Financial Analysts Journal, 5, 65-70.
- Lima, C., Relvas, S., Paula, A., and Barbosa-Póvoa, F.D. (2016). Downstream oil supply chain management: A critical review and future directions. Computers and Chemical Engineering, 92, 78-92
- Linter, J. 1975. Inflation and security returns. Journal of Finance, 30, 259-280.
- Majid, S., Pindyck, R. 1987. Time to build, option value, and investment decisions. Journal of Financial Economics, 18, 7-27.
- Malik, F., and Ewing, B.T. (2009) 'Volatility transmission between oil prices and equity sector returns'. International Review of Financial Analysis, 18, 95-100.
- Malik, F., and Hammoudeh, S. (2007) 'Shock and volatility transmission in the oil, US and Gulf equity markets'. International Review of Economics and Finance, 16, 357-368.
- MoÄnik, D. (2001). Asset specificity and a firms borrowing ability: An empirical analysis of manufacturing firms. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 45(1). 69-81.
- Mork, K. A. (1989) Oil and the macro-economy when prices up or down: An extension of Hamilton results'. Journal of Political Economy, 97, 740-744.
- Mork, K.A., Oslen, O., and Mysen, H. 1994. Macroeconomic responses to oil price increases and decreases in seven OECD countries. Energy Economics Journal, 15, 19-35.
- Moya-MartÃnez ,P., Ferrer-Lapeña, R., and Escribano-Sotosc, F. (2014). Oil price risk in the Spanish stock market. An industry perspective. Econ Model, 37, 280-290.
- Nandha, M., Faff, R. (2008). Does oil move equity prices? A global view, Energy Economics, 30(3), 986-997.
- Nandha, M., Faff, R. (2008). Does oil move equity prices? A global view. Energy Economics, 30(3), 986-997.
- Narayan, P.K., & Narayan, S. (2010). Modelling the impact of oil prices on Vietnam's stock prices. Applied Energy, 87(1). 356-361.
- Papapetrou, E. (2001). Oil price shocks, stock market, economic activity and employment in Greece. Energy Economics, 23(5), 511-532.
- Park, J., Ratti, R. (2008). Oil price shocks and stock markets in the US and 13 European countries. Energy Economics, 30(5), 2587-2608.
- Park, J., Ratti, R. (2008). Oil price shocks and stock markets in the US and 13 European countries. Energy Economics, 30(5), 2587-2608.
- Ramos, S., Veiga, H. (2011). Risk factors in oil and gas industry returns: international evidence. Energy Economics, 33, 525-542.
- Rautava, J. 2004. The role of oil prices and the real exchange rate in Russia's Economy - a co- integration approach. Journal of Comparative Economics, 32, 315-327.
- Sadorsky, P. (1999). Oil price shocks and stock market activity. Energy Economics, 21(5), 449-469.
- Sadorsky, P., (2001). Risk factors in stock returns of Canadian oil and gas Companies. Energy Economics, 23(1), 17-28.
- Scholtens, B., Yurtsever, C. (2012). Oil price shocks and European industries. Energy Economics,34, 1187-1195.
- Sharpe, W. (1964). Capital asset prices: a theory of market equilibrium under considerations of risk. J Finance, 19 (3), 425-442.
- Zhang, D. 2008. Oil shock and economic growth in Japan: A non-linear approach. Energy Economics Journal, 30, 2374-2390.
- ADB (2005),
- Akinyomi, O.J., and O. Adebayo, 2013. Effect of firm size on profitability: Evidence from Nigerian manufacturing sector. Prime Journal of Business Administration and Management, 3(9). 1171-1175.
- Alhaji A. F., and Huettner David (2000).
- Andrews, D. 1993. Optimal tests when a nuisance parameter is present only under the alternative Econometric. 61, 821-856.
- Apergis, N., & Miller, S.M., 2009. Do structural oil-market shocks affect stock prices? Energy Economics, 31(4). 569-575.
- Arouri, M. E. H., Jouini, J., & Nguyen, D. K. (2011). Volatility spillovers between oil prices and stock sector returns: Implications for portfolio management. Journal of International Money and Finance, 30(7), 1387-1405.
- Arouri, M. E. H., Lahiani, A., & Nguyen, D. K. (2011). Return and volatility transmission between world oil prices and stock markets of the GCC countries. Economic Modelling, 28(4), 1815-1825.
- ASSOCHAM Event (2007), 10th Energy Summit,
- BAIC Economic Review (2006)
- Barsky, Robert, B., and Lutz Kilian. (2004). Oil and the Macro-economy since the 1970s. Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, 18(4), 115-134.
- Basher, S. A., & Sadorsky, P. (2006). Oil price risk and emerging stock markets. Global Finance Journal, 17(2), 224-251.
- Bastianin, A., & Manera, M. 2017. How does stock market volatility react to oil price shocks? Macroeconomic Dynamics, 22(3). 666-682.
- Bernanke, B.S. 1983. Irreversibility, uncertainty, and cyclical investment. Querterly Journal of Economics, 98, 85- 106.
- Bernanke, Ben S., and Gertler, Mark & Watson, Mark W, (1997),
- Bouri, E. (2015). Return and volatility linkages between oil prices and the Lebanese stock market in crisis periods. Energy, 89, 365-371.
- Caporale, G. M., Menla Ali, F., & Spagnolo, N. (2014). Oil price uncertainty and sectoral stock returns in China: A time-varying approach. China Economic Review, 34, 311-321.
- Chan, W. H., and Maheu, J. M. (2002). Conditional Jump Dynamics in Stock Market Returns. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 20(3), 377-389.
- Chen, N.F., Roll, R. & Ross, S. 1986. Economic Forces and the Stock Market. The Journal of Business, 59(3). 383- 403
- Chen, S-S. 2009. Oil price pass-through into inflation. Energy Economics Journal, 31, 126-133.
- Chen, W., Hamori, S., & Kinkyo, T. 2014. Macroeconomic impacts of oil prices and underlying financial shocks. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 29(C).1-12.
- Chiang, I. H. E., and Hughen, W. K. (2017). Do oil futures prices predict stock returns? Journal of Banking and Finance, 79, 129-141.
- Ciner, C. (2001). Energy Shocks and Financial Markets: Non-linear Linkages. Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics and Econometrics, 5(3), 203-212.
- Ciner, C. (2013). Oil and stock returns: Frequency domain evidence. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 23(1), 1-11.
- Cologni, A., M, Manera. 2008. Oil prices, inflation and interest rates in a structural co-integrated VAR model for the G-7 countries. Energy Economics Journal, 30, 856-888.
- Diaz, E. M., Molero, J. C., and Perez de Gracia, F. (2016). Oil price volatility and stock returns in the G7 economies. Energy Economics, 54, 417-430.
- Driesprong, G., Jacobsen, B., and Maat, B. (2008). Striking oil: Another puzzle? Journal of Financial Economics, 89(2), 307-327.
- Elder, J. 2004. Another perspective on the effects of inflation volatility. Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 36, 911-928.
- Elder, J., Serletis, A. 2009. Oil price uncertainty in Canada. Energy Economics Journal, 31, 852-856.
- El-Sharif, I., Brown, D., Burton, B., Nixon, B., & Russell, A. 2005.Evidence on the nature and extent of the relationship between oil prices and equity values in the UK. Energy Economics,27(6). 819-830
- Faff RW., Brails ford, TJ. (1999). Oil price risk and the Australian stock market. J Energy Finance, 4(1), 69-87.
- Fatima, T., and Bashir, A. 2014. Oil price and stock market fluctuations: Emerging markets (a comparative study of Pakistan and China). International Review of Management and Business Research, 3(4). 19-58.
- Government of India (2006b): Report of Working Group of Petroleum & Natural Gas Sector for the 11th Plan 2007- 2012, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, New Delhi, November, 2006.
- Government of India (2006c): Towards Faster and More Inclusive Growth, An approach to the 11th Five Year Plan, Planning Commission, New Delhi, December, 2006.
- Government of India (2006d): Public Enterprises Survey 2005-06:Vol I, (Ch- 3); Pricing Policy in CPSEs, New Delhi.
- Government of India, Planning Commission, New Delhi (August -2006): 'Integrated Energy Policy', Report of Expert Committee.
- Gujarati, Damodar (1995): Basic Econometrics, McGraw-Hill International Edition-2007.
- Gupta .S .P (2004):
- Gupta, R., and Modise, MP 2013. Does the source of oil price shocks matter for South African stock returns? A structural VAR approach. Energy Economics, 40(C). 825-831.
- Hamilton, J.D. 2003. What is an oil shock? Journal of econometrics, 113(2). 363-398.
- Hammoudeh S., Aleisa E. (2004). Dynamic relationship among GCC stock markets and NYMEX oil futures. Contemp Economic Policy, 22(2), 250-269.
- Hammoudeh, S., Li H. (2004). Risk-return relationships in oil-sensitive stock markets. Finance Lett 2(3), 10-15
- Harris, R.I.D. 1995. Using cointegration analysis in econometric modeling. Hertfordshire, Prentice Hall, United Kingdom.
- Hendry, D.F. 1995. Dynamic Econometrics. Oxford University Press, Oxford (United Kingdom). Hirsh, M. 2009. The end of oil. The NY Times.
- Hooker, M. A. (1996) 'What happened to the oil price-macro-economy relationship?'. Journal of Monetary Economics, 38, 195-213
- Ibrahim, MH., Aziz H. (2003). Macroeconomic variables and the Malaysian equity market: a view through rolling subsamples. J Econ Study, 30(1), 6-27.
- Jan, W., Jebran, K. (2015). Empirical analyses of volatility spillover from G5 stock markets to Karachi stock exchange. Pak J Commerce Social Sciences, 9(3), 928-939.
- Jebran, K., Iqbal A. (2016b). Examining volatility spillover between Asian countries' stock markets. China Finance Econ Rev, 4(1), 1-13.
- Jebran, K., Iqbal, A. (2016a). Dynamics of volatility spillover between stock market and foreign exchange market: evidence from Asian countries. Finance Innovation, 2(1), 1-20.
- Johansen, S., Juselius, K. (1990). Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on co- integration with applications to the demand for money. Oxf Bull Econ Stat, 52(2), 169-210.
- Jones, C., and Kaul, G. (1996). Oil and the stock markets. Journal of Finance, 5, 463-491.
- Jones, C., Kaul G. (1996). Oil and the stock markets. J Finance, 51(2), 463-491.
- Kang, W., Perez de Gracia, F., and Ratti, R.A. (2017). Oil price shocks, policy uncertainty, and stock returns of oil and gas corporations. Journal of International Money and Finance, 70(1). 344-359
- Kilian, L., and Park, C. (2009). The impact of oil price shocks on the US stock market. International Economic Review, 50. 1267-1287.
- Kling, J. (1985). Oil price shocks and stock market behavior. J Portf Manag, 12(1), 34-39.
- Lardic, S., M, Valerie. 2008. Oil prices and economic activity: An asymmetric co-integration approach. Energy Economics Journal, 30, 847-855.
- Lee, K., and Ni, S. (2002). On the dynamic effects of oil shocks. A study using industry level data. Journal of Monetary Economics, 49, 823-852.
- Lee, K., R.A., Ratti. 1995. Oil shocks and the macro economy: the role of price volatility. Energy Journal, 16, 39- 56.
- Levin, A., Lin. CF, and Chu, C.S.J. (2002). Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite sample properties. Journal of Economics, 108(1). 1-24.
- Levy, M., and Levy, H. (1996). The danger of assuming homogeneous expectations. Financial Analysts Journal, 5, 65-70.
- Lima, C., Relvas, S., Paula, A., and Barbosa-Póvoa, F.D. (2016). Downstream oil supply chain management: A critical review and future directions. Computers and Chemical Engineering, 92, 78-92
- Linter, J. 1975. Inflation and security returns. Journal of Finance, 30, 259-280.
- Majid, S., Pindyck, R. 1987. Time to build, option value, and investment decisions. Journal of Financial Economics, 18, 7-27.
- Malik, F., and Ewing, B.T. (2009) 'Volatility transmission between oil prices and equity sector returns'. International Review of Financial Analysis, 18, 95-100.
- Malik, F., and Hammoudeh, S. (2007) 'Shock and volatility transmission in the oil, US and Gulf equity markets'. International Review of Economics and Finance, 16, 357-368.
- MoÄnik, D. (2001). Asset specificity and a firms borrowing ability: An empirical analysis of manufacturing firms. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 45(1). 69-81.
- Mork, K. A. (1989) Oil and the macro-economy when prices up or down: An extension of Hamilton results'. Journal of Political Economy, 97, 740-744.
- Mork, K.A., Oslen, O., and Mysen, H. 1994. Macroeconomic responses to oil price increases and decreases in seven OECD countries. Energy Economics Journal, 15, 19-35.
- Moya-MartÃnez ,P., Ferrer-Lapeña, R., and Escribano-Sotosc, F. (2014). Oil price risk in the Spanish stock market. An industry perspective. Econ Model, 37, 280-290.
- Nandha, M., Faff, R. (2008). Does oil move equity prices? A global view, Energy Economics, 30(3), 986-997.
- Nandha, M., Faff, R. (2008). Does oil move equity prices? A global view. Energy Economics, 30(3), 986-997.
- Narayan, P.K., & Narayan, S. (2010). Modelling the impact of oil prices on Vietnam's stock prices. Applied Energy, 87(1). 356-361.
- Papapetrou, E. (2001). Oil price shocks, stock market, economic activity and employment in Greece. Energy Economics, 23(5), 511-532.
- Park, J., Ratti, R. (2008). Oil price shocks and stock markets in the US and 13 European countries. Energy Economics, 30(5), 2587-2608.
- Park, J., Ratti, R. (2008). Oil price shocks and stock markets in the US and 13 European countries. Energy Economics, 30(5), 2587-2608.
- Ramos, S., Veiga, H. (2011). Risk factors in oil and gas industry returns: international evidence. Energy Economics, 33, 525-542.
- Rautava, J. 2004. The role of oil prices and the real exchange rate in Russia's Economy - a co- integration approach. Journal of Comparative Economics, 32, 315-327.
- Sadorsky, P. (1999). Oil price shocks and stock market activity. Energy Economics, 21(5), 449-469.
- Sadorsky, P., (2001). Risk factors in stock returns of Canadian oil and gas Companies. Energy Economics, 23(1), 17-28.
- Scholtens, B., Yurtsever, C. (2012). Oil price shocks and European industries. Energy Economics,34, 1187-1195.
- Sharpe, W. (1964). Capital asset prices: a theory of market equilibrium under considerations of risk. J Finance, 19 (3), 425-442.
- Zhang, D. 2008. Oil shock and economic growth in Japan: A non-linear approach. Energy Economics Journal, 30, 2374-2390.
Cite this article
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APA : Rahman, A., Malik, M. F., & Khan, S. (2019). Oil Price Fluctuations and Volatility of Firm Risk. Global Social Sciences Review, IV(II), 420-429. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).54
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CHICAGO : Rahman, Asif, Muhammad Faizan Malik, and Shehzad Khan. 2019. "Oil Price Fluctuations and Volatility of Firm Risk." Global Social Sciences Review, IV (II): 420-429 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).54
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HARVARD : RAHMAN, A., MALIK, M. F. & KHAN, S. 2019. Oil Price Fluctuations and Volatility of Firm Risk. Global Social Sciences Review, IV, 420-429.
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MHRA : Rahman, Asif, Muhammad Faizan Malik, and Shehzad Khan. 2019. "Oil Price Fluctuations and Volatility of Firm Risk." Global Social Sciences Review, IV: 420-429
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MLA : Rahman, Asif, Muhammad Faizan Malik, and Shehzad Khan. "Oil Price Fluctuations and Volatility of Firm Risk." Global Social Sciences Review, IV.II (2019): 420-429 Print.
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OXFORD : Rahman, Asif, Malik, Muhammad Faizan, and Khan, Shehzad (2019), "Oil Price Fluctuations and Volatility of Firm Risk", Global Social Sciences Review, IV (II), 420-429
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TURABIAN : Rahman, Asif, Muhammad Faizan Malik, and Shehzad Khan. "Oil Price Fluctuations and Volatility of Firm Risk." Global Social Sciences Review IV, no. II (2019): 420-429. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).54