LIVED EXPERIENCES OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS REGARDING SOCIOCULTURAL CONSTRAINTS IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN SOUTHERN PUNJAB PAKISTAN

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).02      10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).02      Published : Sep 3
Authored by : MehreenRaza , InamUllahLeghari

02 Pages : 10-20

References

  • Ali, A., Soomro, A. K., & Kumar, R. (2015). Exploring the Factors of Women Entrepreneurs in Pakistan. IBT Journal of Business Studies, 11(1), 12-26. http://jms.ilmauniversity.edu.pk/index.php/IBTJBS/article/view/111
  • Ali, R. S. (2018). Feminist Theory and its influence on Female Entrepreneur's Growth. International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development, 4(3), 20-31. doi:10.18775/ijied.1849-7551- 7020.2015.43.2003
  • Aslam, S., Latif, M., & Aslam, M. W. (2013). Problems Faced by Women Entrepreneurs and Their Impact on Working efficiency of Women in Pakistan. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 18(8), 1204-1215.
  • Audretsch, D. B., Kuratko, D. F., & Link, A. N. (2015). Making Sense of the Elusive Paradigm of Entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 45(4), pp 703-712.
  • Estrin, S., & Mickiewicz, T. (2011). Institutions and female entrepreneurship. Small business economics, 37(4), 397-415. doi:10.1007/s11187-011-9373-0
  • Global Entrepreneurship Research Association. (2012). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2012 - Global Report. London Business School. London: Global Entrepreneurship Research Association. Retrieved September 08, 2020, from https://gemconsortium.org/report/gem2012-global-report
  • Greenfield, S. M., & Strickson, A. (1986).
  • Harbi, S. E., Anderson, A., & Mansor, N. (2009). The Attractiveness of Entrepreneurship for females and Males in developing Arab countries; Entrepreneurial Intentions in Tunisia. International Business Research, 2(3), 47-53. doi:10.5539/ibr.v2n3p47
  • Hasan, S. M. (2020). Female Entrepreneurship: Do Urban Centers Ease Out the Challenge? An Analysis for Pakistan. In Urban Studies and Entrepreneurship (pp. 163-167). Cham: Springer.
  • Leclair, L. A. (2014). Diveristy as a Motive for Entrepreneurship - The case of gender,culture and ethnicity. Journel of Innovation Economics & Management, 2(14), 157 - 159. https://doi.org/10.3917/jie.014.0157
  • Mah, K. S. (1995, July). Chinese Business Immigrants: Anthropological Study of Entrepreneurship and Culture, Published Thesis. Education and Research Archive: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/8a97eba9-5505-45c8-9234- 7f7186b27dfd/view/a422e0d0-b990-4b22-ba1c-e0a9d10b7321/MM06361.pdf
  • Marcus, G. E. (1995). Ethnography in/of the World System: The Emergence of Multi-Sited Ethnography. Annual Review of Anthropology, 24, 95-117.
  • Minniti, M. (2010). Female Entrepreneurship and Economic Activity. The European Journal of Development Research, 22(3), 294-312.
  • Montanye, J. A. (2006). Entrepreneurship. The Independent Review - A Journal of Political Economy, 10(4), 547-569. Retrieved March 05, 2020, from https://www.independent.org/publications/tir/article.asp?id=574
  • Mueller, P. (2007). Exploiting Entrepreneurial Opportunities: The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Growth. Small Business Economics, 28(4), 355-362. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-006- 9035-9
  • Muhammad, N., McElwee, G., & Dana, L.-P. (2017). Barriers to the Development and Progress of Entrepreneurship in Rural Pakistan. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 23(2), 279-295. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-08-2016-0246
  • Müller, S. (2013). Entrepreneurship and Regional Development: On the Interplay Between Agency and Context; PhD Thesis. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278304378_Entrepreneurship_and_Regional_Dev elopment_-_On_the_Interplay_between_Agency_and_Context_PhD_Thesis
  • Papanek, H., & G, M. (1982). Seperate Worlds:Studies of Purdah in South Asia. Delhi: Chanakya Publications.
  • Petrin, T. (1994). Entrepreneurship and supporting institutions:an analytical approach. FAO: http://www.fao.org/3/W6882e/w6882e02.htm
  • Ray, I. A., & Ray, S. (2011). Women Entrepreneurship in India: Some Critical Issues and Challanges. International Journal of Contemporary Business Studies, 2(8), 6-30.
  • Shaheed, F. (1992). Preface in Women in Pakistan: General Conditions, Approaches and Project Proposals for the Development of Vocational Qualification of women in the Provinve of Punjab. Lahore: Vanguard Books Limited
  • Roomi, M. A., & Parrott, G. (2008). Barriers to Development and Progression of Women Entrepreneurship in Pakistan. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 17(1), 59-72. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/097135570701700105
  • Shaheed, F. (1992). Preface in Women in Pakistan: General Conditions, Approaches and Project Proposals for the Development of Vocational Qualification of women in the Provinve of Punjab. Lahore: Vanguard Books Limited.
  • Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research. Academy of Management Review 25(1), 217-226.
  • Simpeh, K. N. (2011). Entrepreneurship Theories and Empirical Research: A Summary Review of Literature. European Journal of Business and Management, 3(6). https://www.academia.edu/: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230814855_Entrepreneurship_theories_and_Emp irical_research_A_Summary_Review_of_the_Literature
  • UNDP. (2016). TRADE WINDS OF CHANGE: WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS ON THE RISE IN SOUTHASIA-Background country study-Pakistan. Regional Bureau for Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok: United Nations Development Programme. http://www.undp.org/content/dam/rbap/docs/Research
  • Vandal, S. H. (2011). Overview of the Cultural Assets of the Communities. In S. H. Vander, N. Nasrullah, S. Samee, & A. Imdad, Cultural Expressions of South Punjab (pp. 9-44). Islamabad: UNESCO and THAAP. http://unesco.org.pk/culture/documents/publications/Cultural_Expressions.pdf
  • Vinze, M. D. (1987). Women Entrepreneurs in India: A Socio-economic Study of Delhi, 1975-85 . Delhi: Mittal Publications
  • Welsh, D. H., Kaciak, E., & Thongpapanl, N. (2016). Influence of stages of economic development on women entrepreneurs' startups. Journal of Business Research, 69(11), 4933-4940.
  • Welter, F. (2011). Contextualizing Entrepreneurship - Conceptual Challenges and Ways Forward. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(1), 165-184. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540- 6520.2010.00427.x
  • World Bank. (2017, November). Pakistan Development Update, November 2017 : Managing Risks for Sustained Growth, Islamabad: World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/: World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/28864
  • Yunis, M. H. (2019). Enablers and Constraints of Female Entrepreneurship in Khyber Pukhtunkhawa, Pakistan: Institutional and Feminist Perspectives. Sustainability, 11(1), 1-20. doi:10.3390/su11010027
  • Zoltan, A. J., Szerb, L., Lafuente, E., & Markus, G. (2019). Global Entrepreneurship Index. Washington: The Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute. https://thegedi.org/wpcontent/uploads/2020/01/GEI_2019_Final-1.pdf

References

  • Ali, A., Soomro, A. K., & Kumar, R. (2015). Exploring the Factors of Women Entrepreneurs in Pakistan. IBT Journal of Business Studies, 11(1), 12-26. http://jms.ilmauniversity.edu.pk/index.php/IBTJBS/article/view/111
  • Ali, R. S. (2018). Feminist Theory and its influence on Female Entrepreneur's Growth. International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development, 4(3), 20-31. doi:10.18775/ijied.1849-7551- 7020.2015.43.2003
  • Aslam, S., Latif, M., & Aslam, M. W. (2013). Problems Faced by Women Entrepreneurs and Their Impact on Working efficiency of Women in Pakistan. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 18(8), 1204-1215.
  • Audretsch, D. B., Kuratko, D. F., & Link, A. N. (2015). Making Sense of the Elusive Paradigm of Entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 45(4), pp 703-712.
  • Estrin, S., & Mickiewicz, T. (2011). Institutions and female entrepreneurship. Small business economics, 37(4), 397-415. doi:10.1007/s11187-011-9373-0
  • Global Entrepreneurship Research Association. (2012). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2012 - Global Report. London Business School. London: Global Entrepreneurship Research Association. Retrieved September 08, 2020, from https://gemconsortium.org/report/gem2012-global-report
  • Greenfield, S. M., & Strickson, A. (1986).
  • Harbi, S. E., Anderson, A., & Mansor, N. (2009). The Attractiveness of Entrepreneurship for females and Males in developing Arab countries; Entrepreneurial Intentions in Tunisia. International Business Research, 2(3), 47-53. doi:10.5539/ibr.v2n3p47
  • Hasan, S. M. (2020). Female Entrepreneurship: Do Urban Centers Ease Out the Challenge? An Analysis for Pakistan. In Urban Studies and Entrepreneurship (pp. 163-167). Cham: Springer.
  • Leclair, L. A. (2014). Diveristy as a Motive for Entrepreneurship - The case of gender,culture and ethnicity. Journel of Innovation Economics & Management, 2(14), 157 - 159. https://doi.org/10.3917/jie.014.0157
  • Mah, K. S. (1995, July). Chinese Business Immigrants: Anthropological Study of Entrepreneurship and Culture, Published Thesis. Education and Research Archive: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/8a97eba9-5505-45c8-9234- 7f7186b27dfd/view/a422e0d0-b990-4b22-ba1c-e0a9d10b7321/MM06361.pdf
  • Marcus, G. E. (1995). Ethnography in/of the World System: The Emergence of Multi-Sited Ethnography. Annual Review of Anthropology, 24, 95-117.
  • Minniti, M. (2010). Female Entrepreneurship and Economic Activity. The European Journal of Development Research, 22(3), 294-312.
  • Montanye, J. A. (2006). Entrepreneurship. The Independent Review - A Journal of Political Economy, 10(4), 547-569. Retrieved March 05, 2020, from https://www.independent.org/publications/tir/article.asp?id=574
  • Mueller, P. (2007). Exploiting Entrepreneurial Opportunities: The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Growth. Small Business Economics, 28(4), 355-362. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-006- 9035-9
  • Muhammad, N., McElwee, G., & Dana, L.-P. (2017). Barriers to the Development and Progress of Entrepreneurship in Rural Pakistan. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 23(2), 279-295. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-08-2016-0246
  • Müller, S. (2013). Entrepreneurship and Regional Development: On the Interplay Between Agency and Context; PhD Thesis. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278304378_Entrepreneurship_and_Regional_Dev elopment_-_On_the_Interplay_between_Agency_and_Context_PhD_Thesis
  • Papanek, H., & G, M. (1982). Seperate Worlds:Studies of Purdah in South Asia. Delhi: Chanakya Publications.
  • Petrin, T. (1994). Entrepreneurship and supporting institutions:an analytical approach. FAO: http://www.fao.org/3/W6882e/w6882e02.htm
  • Ray, I. A., & Ray, S. (2011). Women Entrepreneurship in India: Some Critical Issues and Challanges. International Journal of Contemporary Business Studies, 2(8), 6-30.
  • Shaheed, F. (1992). Preface in Women in Pakistan: General Conditions, Approaches and Project Proposals for the Development of Vocational Qualification of women in the Provinve of Punjab. Lahore: Vanguard Books Limited
  • Roomi, M. A., & Parrott, G. (2008). Barriers to Development and Progression of Women Entrepreneurship in Pakistan. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 17(1), 59-72. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/097135570701700105
  • Shaheed, F. (1992). Preface in Women in Pakistan: General Conditions, Approaches and Project Proposals for the Development of Vocational Qualification of women in the Provinve of Punjab. Lahore: Vanguard Books Limited.
  • Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research. Academy of Management Review 25(1), 217-226.
  • Simpeh, K. N. (2011). Entrepreneurship Theories and Empirical Research: A Summary Review of Literature. European Journal of Business and Management, 3(6). https://www.academia.edu/: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230814855_Entrepreneurship_theories_and_Emp irical_research_A_Summary_Review_of_the_Literature
  • UNDP. (2016). TRADE WINDS OF CHANGE: WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS ON THE RISE IN SOUTHASIA-Background country study-Pakistan. Regional Bureau for Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok: United Nations Development Programme. http://www.undp.org/content/dam/rbap/docs/Research
  • Vandal, S. H. (2011). Overview of the Cultural Assets of the Communities. In S. H. Vander, N. Nasrullah, S. Samee, & A. Imdad, Cultural Expressions of South Punjab (pp. 9-44). Islamabad: UNESCO and THAAP. http://unesco.org.pk/culture/documents/publications/Cultural_Expressions.pdf
  • Vinze, M. D. (1987). Women Entrepreneurs in India: A Socio-economic Study of Delhi, 1975-85 . Delhi: Mittal Publications
  • Welsh, D. H., Kaciak, E., & Thongpapanl, N. (2016). Influence of stages of economic development on women entrepreneurs' startups. Journal of Business Research, 69(11), 4933-4940.
  • Welter, F. (2011). Contextualizing Entrepreneurship - Conceptual Challenges and Ways Forward. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(1), 165-184. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540- 6520.2010.00427.x
  • World Bank. (2017, November). Pakistan Development Update, November 2017 : Managing Risks for Sustained Growth, Islamabad: World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/: World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/28864
  • Yunis, M. H. (2019). Enablers and Constraints of Female Entrepreneurship in Khyber Pukhtunkhawa, Pakistan: Institutional and Feminist Perspectives. Sustainability, 11(1), 1-20. doi:10.3390/su11010027
  • Zoltan, A. J., Szerb, L., Lafuente, E., & Markus, G. (2019). Global Entrepreneurship Index. Washington: The Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute. https://thegedi.org/wpcontent/uploads/2020/01/GEI_2019_Final-1.pdf

Cite this article

APA

    APA : Raza, M., & Leghari, I. U. (2020). Lived Experiences of Women Entrepreneurs Regarding Socio-Cultural Constraints in Entrepreneurship in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Global Social Sciences Review, V(III), 10-20. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).02

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Raza, Mehreen, and Inam Ullah Leghari. 2020. "Lived Experiences of Women Entrepreneurs Regarding Socio-Cultural Constraints in Entrepreneurship in Southern Punjab, Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review, V (III): 10-20 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).02

HARVARD

    HARVARD : RAZA, M. & LEGHARI, I. U. 2020. Lived Experiences of Women Entrepreneurs Regarding Socio-Cultural Constraints in Entrepreneurship in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Global Social Sciences Review, V, 10-20.

MHRA

    MHRA : Raza, Mehreen, and Inam Ullah Leghari. 2020. "Lived Experiences of Women Entrepreneurs Regarding Socio-Cultural Constraints in Entrepreneurship in Southern Punjab, Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review, V: 10-20

MLA

    MLA : Raza, Mehreen, and Inam Ullah Leghari. "Lived Experiences of Women Entrepreneurs Regarding Socio-Cultural Constraints in Entrepreneurship in Southern Punjab, Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review, V.III (2020): 10-20 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Raza, Mehreen and Leghari, Inam Ullah (2020), "Lived Experiences of Women Entrepreneurs Regarding Socio-Cultural Constraints in Entrepreneurship in Southern Punjab, Pakistan", Global Social Sciences Review, V (III), 10-20

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Raza, Mehreen, and Inam Ullah Leghari. "Lived Experiences of Women Entrepreneurs Regarding Socio-Cultural Constraints in Entrepreneurship in Southern Punjab, Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review V, no. III (2020): 10-20. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).02