INVESTMENT OF PENSION FUNDS IN DIFFERENT STREAMS EVIDENCE FROM LOW VS HIGH GROWTH ORIENTED OECD COUNTRIES

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).05      10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).05      Published : Jun 2
Authored by : Arslan Qayyum , Aniqa Arslan , Kanwal Iqbal Khan

05 Pages : 45-60

References

  • Aamir, M., Qayyum, A., Nasir, A., Hussain, S., Khan, K. I., & Butt, S. (2011). Determinants of tax revenue: A comparative study of direct taxes and indirect taxes of Pakistan and India. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(19), 173-178.
  • Acikgoz, E., Uygurturk, H., & Korkmaz, T. (2015). Analysis of factors affecting growth of pension mutual funds in Turkey. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(2), 427- 433.
  • Adami, R., Gough, O., Mukherjee, S., & Sivaprasad, S. (2014). An empirical analysis of the performance of pension funds: evidence from UK. Studies in Economics and Finance.
  • Alonso, J., Bjelic, J., Herrera, C., Ordoñez, I., Romero, C., Tuesta, D., & Ugarte, A. (2010). Projections of the Impact of Pension Funds on Investment in Infrastructure and Growth in Latin America. Ivonne and Romero, Carolina and Tuesta, David Alfredo and Ugarte, Alfonso, Projections of the Impact of Pension Funds on Investment in Infrastructure and Growth in Latin America (January 1, 2010).
  • Alptekin, N., & Åžiklar, E. (2009). Türk hisse senedi emeklilik yatirim fonlarinin çok kriterli performans deÄŸerlendirmesi: Topsis metodu. Dumlupınar Ãœniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (25).
  • Ambachtsheer, K., & Bauer, R. (2007). Losing ground: do Canadian mutual funds produce fair value for their customers? Canadian Investment Review, 20(1), 8-14.
  • Amir, E., & Benartzi, S. (1998). The expected rate of return on pension funds and asset allocation as predictors of portfolio performance. Accounting Review, 335-352.
  • Andonov, A., Hochberg, Y. V., & Rauh, J. D. (2018). Political representation and governance: Evidence from the investment decisions of public pension funds. The Journal of Finance, 73(5), 2041- 2086.
  • Antolin, P. (2008). Pension fund performance. Available at SSRN 1368816
  • Antolin, P., Schich, S., & Yermo, J. (2011). The economic impact of protracted low interest rates on pension funds and insurance companies. OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends, 2011(1), 237-256.
  • Bashir, T., Khan, K. I., & Urooge, S. (2020). Assumptions of making good deal with bad person: Empirical evidence on strong form market efficiency, Global Social Sciences Review, 5(1), 154-162.
  • Bauer, R., & Kicken, L. (2008). The pension fund advantage: are Canadians overpaying their mutual funds? Rotman International Journal of Pension Management, 1(1).
  • Bivens, J. (2015). Gauging the impact of the Fed on inequality during the Great Recession. Hutchins Center Working Papers.
  • Blake, D., Lehmann, B. N., & Timmermann, A. (1999). Asset allocation dynamics and pension fund performance. The Journal of Business, 72(4), 429-461.
  • Bohl, M. T., Lischewski, J., & Voronkova, S. (2011). Pension funds' performance in strongly regulated industries in Central Europe: Evidence from Poland and Hungary. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 47(sup3), 80-94.
  • Bonizzi, B., & Guevara, D. (2019). Private pension funds in emerging economies: from broken promises to financialisation. In Finance, Growth and Inequality. Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Bradley, D., Pantzalis, C., & Yuan, X. (2016). The influence of political bias in state pension funds. Journal of Financial Economics, 119(1), 69-91.
  • Budd, E. C., & Seiders, D. F. (1971). The impact of inflation on the distribution of income and wealth. The American Economic Review, 61(2), 128-138.
  • Cairns, A. J., Blake, D., & Dowd, K. (2006). Stochastic lifestyling: Optimal dynamic asset allocation for defined contribution pension plans. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 30(5), 843- 877.
  • Casey, B. H. (2014). From pension funds to piggy banks:(Perverse) consequences of the S tability and G rowth P act since the crisis. International Social Security Review, 67(1), 27-48.
  • Chen, C., Comerton-Forde, C., Gallagher, D. R., & Walter, T. S. (2010). Investment manager skill in small-cap equities. Australian Journal of Management, 35(1), 23-49.
  • Coleman, A. D., Esho, N., & Wong, M. (2006). The impact of agency costs on the investment performance of Australian pension funds. Journal of Pension Economics & Finance, 5(3), 299-324.
  • Collins, S. (2003). The expenses of defined benefit pension plans and mutual funds. Perspective, 9(6), 1-19.
  • Das, B. C. Investment in treasury bills and treasury bonds in 2013: A study of Bangladesh.
  • Davis, E. P. (1995). Debt, financial fragility, and systemic risk. Oxford University Press.
  • Della Croce, R. (2011). Pension funds investment in infrastructure.
  • Della Croce, R., Kaminker, C., & Stewart, F. (2011). The role of pension funds in financing green growth initiatives.
  • Diamond, P., & Geanakoplos, J. (1999). Social security investment in equities I: Linear case. National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Diamond, P., & Geanakoplos, J. (2003). Social security investment in equities. American Economic Review, 93(4), 1047-1074.
  • Ebbinghaus, B. (2015). The privatization and marketization of pensions in Europe: A double transformation facing the crisis. European Policy Analysis, 1(1), 56-73.
  • Fanning, D. (1980). The Growth and Development of Occupational Pension Funds. Managerial Finance.
  • Feldstein, M. S. (1981). Should private pensions be indexed?
  • Foley, B. (1987). Pension Funds in the UK-Danger Ahead? Employee Relations
  • Gökçen, U., & Yalçın, A. (2015). The case against active pension funds: Evidence from the Turkish private pension system. Emerging Markets Review, 23, 46-67.
  • Gulland, A. (2016). Pension funds: tobacco investment up in smoke. Bmj, 352, i1491.
  • Heer, B., & Irmen, A. (2014). Population, pensions, and endogenous economic growth. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 46, 50-72.
  • Heller, R. (2013). Investment in Treasury Bills as a Means of Stock Portfolio Revenue Generation. http://www.oecd.org/employment/emp/4343154.pdf
  • Huij, J., & Post, T. (2011). On the performance of emerging market equity mutual funds. Emerging Markets Review, 12(3), 238-249.
  • Icke, B. T., & Akbaba, C. (2015). ISLAMIC PENSION FUNDS PERFORMANCE IN TURKEY. European Scientific Journal.
  • Ippolito, R. A., & Turner, J. A. (1987). Turnover, fees and pension plan performance. Financial Analysts Journal, 43(6), 16-26.
  • Jiang, X. (2011). The smoothing of pension expenses: a panel analysis. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 37(4), 451-476.
  • Jones, H. (1950). Investment in Equities by Life Insurance Companies. The Journal of Finance, 5(2), 179-191.
  • Khan, K. I., Nasir, A., & Arslan, A. (2020). Impact of loan accessibility on working capital management and profitability: Comparative study of family vs non-family firm, Global Social Sciences Review, 5(1), 220‒230.
  • Klapper, L., Sulla, V., & Vittas, D. (2004). The development of mutual funds around the world. Emerging Markets Review, 5(1), 1-38.
  • Korkmaz, T., & Uygurtürk, H. (2007, March). Individual pension funds in Turkey and historical progress. In Balkan Countries 1st International Research Conference on Accounting and Auditing, Edirne, Turkey (pp. 8-9).
  • Kumara, A. S., & Pfau, W. (2012). Reforming pension funds in Sri Lanka: International diversification and the employees' provident fund. Australian Economic Papers, 51(1), 23-37.
  • Levy, H., & Gunthorpe, D. (1993). Optimal investment proportions in senior securities and equities under alternative holding periods. Journal of Portfolio Management, 19(4), 30.
  • Marcinkiewicz, E., & Chybalski, F. (2019). A new proposal of pension regimes typology: Empirical analysis of the OECD countries. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 22(1), 84-99.
  • Martí-Ballester, C. P. (2020). Examining the financial performance of pension funds focused on sectors related to sustainable development goals. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 27(2), 179-191.
  • McDonald, J. G. (1973). French mutual fund performance: evaluation of internationally diversified portfolios. The Journal of Finance, 28(5), 1161-1180.
  • Mellor, M. (2010). The future of money: From financial crisis to public resource. London: Pluto Press.
  • Militaru, N. D. (2015). Analysis of correlation between the expenses of social protection and the anticipated old age pension. Annals of the University of Craiova, Economic Sciences Series, 1.
  • Naczyk, M., & Domonkos, S. (2016). The financial crisis and varieties of pension privatization reversals in Eastern Europe. Governance, 29(2), 167-184.
  • Obinata, T. (2000).
  • OECD (2017), http://www.oecd.org/finance/Pensionfunds-pre-data-2017.pdf
  • Ooi, E. (2020). Directors who serve multiple pension funds: Are they conflicted or skilled?. Journal of Banking & Finance, 113, 105764.
  • Otten, R., & Bams, D. (2004). How to measure mutual fund performance: economic versus statistical relevance. Accounting & finance, 44(2), 203-222.
  • Pinto, J. T., Amaral, K. J., & Janissek, P. R. (2016). Deployment of photovoltaics in Brazil: Scenarios, perspectives and policies for low-income housing. Solar Energy, 133, 73-84.
  • Prammer, D., & Reiss, L. (2015). Impact of inflation on fiscal aggregates in Austria. Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), 1, 27-41.
  • Quinlan, R. J., Sweeney, M. D., Leggio, L. L., Otten, H., Poulsen, J. C. N., Johansen, K. S., ... & Tryfona, T. (2011). Insights into the oxidative degradation of cellulose by a copper metalloenzyme that exploits biomass components. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(37), 15079-15084.
  • Reisen, H. (1997). Liberalizing foreign investments by pension funds: positive and normative aspects. World Development, 25(7), 1173-1182.
  • Robson, G. N. (1986). The investment performance of unit trusts and mutual funds in Australia for the period 1969 to 1978. Accounting & Finance, 26(2), 55-79.
  • Shen, Y., Zhu, K., Wu, F., & Chen, P. (2019). The Stock Investment Performance of Pension Funds in China. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 1-17.
  • Sievänen, R., Rita, H., & Scholtens, B. (2013). The drivers of responsible investment: The case of European pension funds. Journal of business ethics, 117(1), 137-151.
  • Singh, T., & Mehta, S. (2015). Developing relationship between tax structure, pension funds and economic growth in oecd nations. JIMS8M: The Journal of Indian Management & Strategy, 20(3), 34-41.
  • Smith III, C. R., Everett, M. J., Ponce, D. K., Zyvith, L. S. H., Gonzales, R. A., Derstine, H. R., & Ristovic, M. (2010). U.S. Patent No. 7,822,667. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  • Stewart, F., & Yermo, J. (2012). Infrastructure investment in new markets.
  • Tepper, I. (1981). Taxation and corporate pension policy. The Journal of Finance, 36(1), 1-13.
  • Thomas, A., & Spataro, L. (2016). The effects of pension funds on markets performance: A review. Journal of Economic Surveys, 30(1), 1-33.
  • Thompson, G. B. (1978). Impact of inflation on private pensions of retirees, 1970-74: Findings from the Retirement History Study. Soc. Sec. Bull., 41, 16.
  • Udoka, C. O. A., & Roland, A. A. (2012). An Analytical and Theoretical Investigation of The Determinants of Deposit Money Bank's Investment in Treasury Bills in Nigeria 1970- 2009. European Journal of Business and Management, 4, 21.
  • Vittas, D., Impavido, G., & O'Connor, R. (2008). Upgrading the investment policy framework of public pension funds. The World Bank.

References

  • Aamir, M., Qayyum, A., Nasir, A., Hussain, S., Khan, K. I., & Butt, S. (2011). Determinants of tax revenue: A comparative study of direct taxes and indirect taxes of Pakistan and India. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(19), 173-178.
  • Acikgoz, E., Uygurturk, H., & Korkmaz, T. (2015). Analysis of factors affecting growth of pension mutual funds in Turkey. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(2), 427- 433.
  • Adami, R., Gough, O., Mukherjee, S., & Sivaprasad, S. (2014). An empirical analysis of the performance of pension funds: evidence from UK. Studies in Economics and Finance.
  • Alonso, J., Bjelic, J., Herrera, C., Ordoñez, I., Romero, C., Tuesta, D., & Ugarte, A. (2010). Projections of the Impact of Pension Funds on Investment in Infrastructure and Growth in Latin America. Ivonne and Romero, Carolina and Tuesta, David Alfredo and Ugarte, Alfonso, Projections of the Impact of Pension Funds on Investment in Infrastructure and Growth in Latin America (January 1, 2010).
  • Alptekin, N., & Åžiklar, E. (2009). Türk hisse senedi emeklilik yatirim fonlarinin çok kriterli performans deÄŸerlendirmesi: Topsis metodu. Dumlupınar Ãœniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (25).
  • Ambachtsheer, K., & Bauer, R. (2007). Losing ground: do Canadian mutual funds produce fair value for their customers? Canadian Investment Review, 20(1), 8-14.
  • Amir, E., & Benartzi, S. (1998). The expected rate of return on pension funds and asset allocation as predictors of portfolio performance. Accounting Review, 335-352.
  • Andonov, A., Hochberg, Y. V., & Rauh, J. D. (2018). Political representation and governance: Evidence from the investment decisions of public pension funds. The Journal of Finance, 73(5), 2041- 2086.
  • Antolin, P. (2008). Pension fund performance. Available at SSRN 1368816
  • Antolin, P., Schich, S., & Yermo, J. (2011). The economic impact of protracted low interest rates on pension funds and insurance companies. OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends, 2011(1), 237-256.
  • Bashir, T., Khan, K. I., & Urooge, S. (2020). Assumptions of making good deal with bad person: Empirical evidence on strong form market efficiency, Global Social Sciences Review, 5(1), 154-162.
  • Bauer, R., & Kicken, L. (2008). The pension fund advantage: are Canadians overpaying their mutual funds? Rotman International Journal of Pension Management, 1(1).
  • Bivens, J. (2015). Gauging the impact of the Fed on inequality during the Great Recession. Hutchins Center Working Papers.
  • Blake, D., Lehmann, B. N., & Timmermann, A. (1999). Asset allocation dynamics and pension fund performance. The Journal of Business, 72(4), 429-461.
  • Bohl, M. T., Lischewski, J., & Voronkova, S. (2011). Pension funds' performance in strongly regulated industries in Central Europe: Evidence from Poland and Hungary. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 47(sup3), 80-94.
  • Bonizzi, B., & Guevara, D. (2019). Private pension funds in emerging economies: from broken promises to financialisation. In Finance, Growth and Inequality. Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Bradley, D., Pantzalis, C., & Yuan, X. (2016). The influence of political bias in state pension funds. Journal of Financial Economics, 119(1), 69-91.
  • Budd, E. C., & Seiders, D. F. (1971). The impact of inflation on the distribution of income and wealth. The American Economic Review, 61(2), 128-138.
  • Cairns, A. J., Blake, D., & Dowd, K. (2006). Stochastic lifestyling: Optimal dynamic asset allocation for defined contribution pension plans. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 30(5), 843- 877.
  • Casey, B. H. (2014). From pension funds to piggy banks:(Perverse) consequences of the S tability and G rowth P act since the crisis. International Social Security Review, 67(1), 27-48.
  • Chen, C., Comerton-Forde, C., Gallagher, D. R., & Walter, T. S. (2010). Investment manager skill in small-cap equities. Australian Journal of Management, 35(1), 23-49.
  • Coleman, A. D., Esho, N., & Wong, M. (2006). The impact of agency costs on the investment performance of Australian pension funds. Journal of Pension Economics & Finance, 5(3), 299-324.
  • Collins, S. (2003). The expenses of defined benefit pension plans and mutual funds. Perspective, 9(6), 1-19.
  • Das, B. C. Investment in treasury bills and treasury bonds in 2013: A study of Bangladesh.
  • Davis, E. P. (1995). Debt, financial fragility, and systemic risk. Oxford University Press.
  • Della Croce, R. (2011). Pension funds investment in infrastructure.
  • Della Croce, R., Kaminker, C., & Stewart, F. (2011). The role of pension funds in financing green growth initiatives.
  • Diamond, P., & Geanakoplos, J. (1999). Social security investment in equities I: Linear case. National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Diamond, P., & Geanakoplos, J. (2003). Social security investment in equities. American Economic Review, 93(4), 1047-1074.
  • Ebbinghaus, B. (2015). The privatization and marketization of pensions in Europe: A double transformation facing the crisis. European Policy Analysis, 1(1), 56-73.
  • Fanning, D. (1980). The Growth and Development of Occupational Pension Funds. Managerial Finance.
  • Feldstein, M. S. (1981). Should private pensions be indexed?
  • Foley, B. (1987). Pension Funds in the UK-Danger Ahead? Employee Relations
  • Gökçen, U., & Yalçın, A. (2015). The case against active pension funds: Evidence from the Turkish private pension system. Emerging Markets Review, 23, 46-67.
  • Gulland, A. (2016). Pension funds: tobacco investment up in smoke. Bmj, 352, i1491.
  • Heer, B., & Irmen, A. (2014). Population, pensions, and endogenous economic growth. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 46, 50-72.
  • Heller, R. (2013). Investment in Treasury Bills as a Means of Stock Portfolio Revenue Generation. http://www.oecd.org/employment/emp/4343154.pdf
  • Huij, J., & Post, T. (2011). On the performance of emerging market equity mutual funds. Emerging Markets Review, 12(3), 238-249.
  • Icke, B. T., & Akbaba, C. (2015). ISLAMIC PENSION FUNDS PERFORMANCE IN TURKEY. European Scientific Journal.
  • Ippolito, R. A., & Turner, J. A. (1987). Turnover, fees and pension plan performance. Financial Analysts Journal, 43(6), 16-26.
  • Jiang, X. (2011). The smoothing of pension expenses: a panel analysis. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 37(4), 451-476.
  • Jones, H. (1950). Investment in Equities by Life Insurance Companies. The Journal of Finance, 5(2), 179-191.
  • Khan, K. I., Nasir, A., & Arslan, A. (2020). Impact of loan accessibility on working capital management and profitability: Comparative study of family vs non-family firm, Global Social Sciences Review, 5(1), 220‒230.
  • Klapper, L., Sulla, V., & Vittas, D. (2004). The development of mutual funds around the world. Emerging Markets Review, 5(1), 1-38.
  • Korkmaz, T., & Uygurtürk, H. (2007, March). Individual pension funds in Turkey and historical progress. In Balkan Countries 1st International Research Conference on Accounting and Auditing, Edirne, Turkey (pp. 8-9).
  • Kumara, A. S., & Pfau, W. (2012). Reforming pension funds in Sri Lanka: International diversification and the employees' provident fund. Australian Economic Papers, 51(1), 23-37.
  • Levy, H., & Gunthorpe, D. (1993). Optimal investment proportions in senior securities and equities under alternative holding periods. Journal of Portfolio Management, 19(4), 30.
  • Marcinkiewicz, E., & Chybalski, F. (2019). A new proposal of pension regimes typology: Empirical analysis of the OECD countries. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 22(1), 84-99.
  • Martí-Ballester, C. P. (2020). Examining the financial performance of pension funds focused on sectors related to sustainable development goals. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 27(2), 179-191.
  • McDonald, J. G. (1973). French mutual fund performance: evaluation of internationally diversified portfolios. The Journal of Finance, 28(5), 1161-1180.
  • Mellor, M. (2010). The future of money: From financial crisis to public resource. London: Pluto Press.
  • Militaru, N. D. (2015). Analysis of correlation between the expenses of social protection and the anticipated old age pension. Annals of the University of Craiova, Economic Sciences Series, 1.
  • Naczyk, M., & Domonkos, S. (2016). The financial crisis and varieties of pension privatization reversals in Eastern Europe. Governance, 29(2), 167-184.
  • Obinata, T. (2000).
  • OECD (2017), http://www.oecd.org/finance/Pensionfunds-pre-data-2017.pdf
  • Ooi, E. (2020). Directors who serve multiple pension funds: Are they conflicted or skilled?. Journal of Banking & Finance, 113, 105764.
  • Otten, R., & Bams, D. (2004). How to measure mutual fund performance: economic versus statistical relevance. Accounting & finance, 44(2), 203-222.
  • Pinto, J. T., Amaral, K. J., & Janissek, P. R. (2016). Deployment of photovoltaics in Brazil: Scenarios, perspectives and policies for low-income housing. Solar Energy, 133, 73-84.
  • Prammer, D., & Reiss, L. (2015). Impact of inflation on fiscal aggregates in Austria. Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), 1, 27-41.
  • Quinlan, R. J., Sweeney, M. D., Leggio, L. L., Otten, H., Poulsen, J. C. N., Johansen, K. S., ... & Tryfona, T. (2011). Insights into the oxidative degradation of cellulose by a copper metalloenzyme that exploits biomass components. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(37), 15079-15084.
  • Reisen, H. (1997). Liberalizing foreign investments by pension funds: positive and normative aspects. World Development, 25(7), 1173-1182.
  • Robson, G. N. (1986). The investment performance of unit trusts and mutual funds in Australia for the period 1969 to 1978. Accounting & Finance, 26(2), 55-79.
  • Shen, Y., Zhu, K., Wu, F., & Chen, P. (2019). The Stock Investment Performance of Pension Funds in China. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 1-17.
  • Sievänen, R., Rita, H., & Scholtens, B. (2013). The drivers of responsible investment: The case of European pension funds. Journal of business ethics, 117(1), 137-151.
  • Singh, T., & Mehta, S. (2015). Developing relationship between tax structure, pension funds and economic growth in oecd nations. JIMS8M: The Journal of Indian Management & Strategy, 20(3), 34-41.
  • Smith III, C. R., Everett, M. J., Ponce, D. K., Zyvith, L. S. H., Gonzales, R. A., Derstine, H. R., & Ristovic, M. (2010). U.S. Patent No. 7,822,667. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  • Stewart, F., & Yermo, J. (2012). Infrastructure investment in new markets.
  • Tepper, I. (1981). Taxation and corporate pension policy. The Journal of Finance, 36(1), 1-13.
  • Thomas, A., & Spataro, L. (2016). The effects of pension funds on markets performance: A review. Journal of Economic Surveys, 30(1), 1-33.
  • Thompson, G. B. (1978). Impact of inflation on private pensions of retirees, 1970-74: Findings from the Retirement History Study. Soc. Sec. Bull., 41, 16.
  • Udoka, C. O. A., & Roland, A. A. (2012). An Analytical and Theoretical Investigation of The Determinants of Deposit Money Bank's Investment in Treasury Bills in Nigeria 1970- 2009. European Journal of Business and Management, 4, 21.
  • Vittas, D., Impavido, G., & O'Connor, R. (2008). Upgrading the investment policy framework of public pension funds. The World Bank.

Cite this article

APA

    APA : Qayyum, A., Arslan, A., & Khan, K. I. (2020). Investment of Pension Funds in Different Streams: Evidence from Low vs. High Growth Oriented OECD Countries. Global Social Sciences Review, V(II), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).05

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Qayyum, Arslan, Aniqa Arslan, and Kanwal Iqbal Khan. 2020. "Investment of Pension Funds in Different Streams: Evidence from Low vs. High Growth Oriented OECD Countries." Global Social Sciences Review, V (II): 45-60 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).05

HARVARD

    HARVARD : QAYYUM, A., ARSLAN, A. & KHAN, K. I. 2020. Investment of Pension Funds in Different Streams: Evidence from Low vs. High Growth Oriented OECD Countries. Global Social Sciences Review, V, 45-60.

MHRA

    MHRA : Qayyum, Arslan, Aniqa Arslan, and Kanwal Iqbal Khan. 2020. "Investment of Pension Funds in Different Streams: Evidence from Low vs. High Growth Oriented OECD Countries." Global Social Sciences Review, V: 45-60

MLA

    MLA : Qayyum, Arslan, Aniqa Arslan, and Kanwal Iqbal Khan. "Investment of Pension Funds in Different Streams: Evidence from Low vs. High Growth Oriented OECD Countries." Global Social Sciences Review, V.II (2020): 45-60 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Qayyum, Arslan, Arslan, Aniqa, and Khan, Kanwal Iqbal (2020), "Investment of Pension Funds in Different Streams: Evidence from Low vs. High Growth Oriented OECD Countries", Global Social Sciences Review, V (II), 45-60

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Qayyum, Arslan, Aniqa Arslan, and Kanwal Iqbal Khan. "Investment of Pension Funds in Different Streams: Evidence from Low vs. High Growth Oriented OECD Countries." Global Social Sciences Review V, no. II (2020): 45-60. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).05