EMPLOYMENT BARRIERS FOR PERSONS WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT IN THE JOB MARKET EMPLOYERS PERSPECTIVES

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).53      10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).53      Published : Sep 3
Authored by : Faiza Abbas , Faisal Anis , Mohammad Ayaz

53 Pages : 421-432

References

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  • Baldridge, D. C., & Swift, M. L. (2016). Age and assessments of disability accommodation request normative appropriateness. Human Resource Management, 55(3), 385-400.
  • Bredgaard, T., & Salado-Rasmussen, J. (2020). Attitudes and behaviour of employers to recruiting persons with disabilities. Alter, 15(1), 61-70.
  • Bruyère, S. M. (2000). Civil rights and employment issues of disability policy. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 11(1), 18-28.
  • Bruyère, S. M., Van Looy, S. A., & Peterson, D. B. (2005). The international classification of functioning, disability and health: Contemporary literature overview. Rehabilitation Psychology, 50(2), 113.
  • Buckup, S. (2009). The price of exclusion: the economic consequences of excluding people with disabilities from the world of work.
  • Danermark, B., & Gellerstedt, L. C. (2004). Psychosocial work environment, hearing impairment and health. International journal of audiology, 43(7), 383-389.
  • Domzal, C., Houtenville, A., & Sharma, R. (2008). Survey of employer perspectives on the employment of people with disabilities: Technical report: Office of Disability Employment Policy, Department of Labor
  • DSW. (1981). Disabled Persons' (Employment and Rehabilitation) Ordinance Pakistan. doi: https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/50075/97325/F1697756412/PAK50075.pdf
  • Emmett, S. D., & Francis, H. W. (2015). The socioeconomic impact of hearing loss in US adults. Otology & neurotology: official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology, 36(3), 545.
  • Foster, S., & MacLeod, J. (2003). Deaf people at work: Assessment of communication among deaf and hearing persons in work settings. International journal of audiology, 42, S128-S139.
  • Fraser, R., Ajzen, I., Johnson, K., Hebert, J., & Chan, F. (2011). Understanding employers' hiring intention in relation to qualified workers with disabilities. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 35(1), 1-11.
  • Fredeen, K. J., Martin, K., Birch, G., & Wafer, M. (2013). Rethinking disability in the private sector. Panel on Labour Market Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities, 28.
  • Fusick, L. (2008). Serving clients with hearing loss: Best practices in mental health counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 86(1), 102-110.
  • Garberoglio, C. L., Dickson, D., Cawthon, S., & Bond, M. (2015). Bridging the communication divide: CMC and deaf individuals' literacy skills. Language Learning & Technology, 19(2), 118-133.
  • Garberoglio, C. L., Schoffstall, S., Cawthon, S., Bond, M., & Ge, J. (2014). The role of self-beliefs in predicting postschool outcomes for deaf young adults. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 26(6), 667-688.
  • Garske, G. G., & Stewart, J. R. (1999). Stigmatic and Mythical Thinking: Barriers to Vocational Rehabilitation Services for Persons with Severe Mental Illness. Journal of Rehabilitation, 65(4).
  • Gergen, K. J., McNamee, S., & Barrett, F. J. (2001). Toward transformative dialogue. International journal of public administration, 24(7-8), 679-707.
  • Giddens, E. (2009). Teaching written language to students who are deaf or hard of hearing. http://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/pacs_capstones/186
  • Gignac, M. A., Kristman, V., Smith, P. M., Beaton, D. E., Badley, E. M., Ibrahim, S., & Mustard, C. A. (2018). Are there differences in workplace accommodation needs, use and unmet needs among older workers with arthritis, diabetes and no chronic conditions? Examining the role of health and work context. Work, aging and retirement, 4(4), 381-398.
  • Gini, G., Carli, G., & Pozzoli, T. (2009). Social support, peer victimization, and somatic complaints: A mediational analysis. Journal of paediatrics and child health, 45(6), 358-363.
  • Granberg, S., Pronk, M., Swanepoel, D. W., Kramer, S. E., Hagsten, H., Hjaldahl, J., . . . Danermark, B. (2014). The ICF core sets for hearing loss project: functioning and disability from the patient perspective. International Journal of Audiology, 53(11), 777-786.
  • Hauser, P. C., Lukomski, J., & Hillman, T. (2008). Development of deaf and hard-of-hearing students' executive function. Deaf cognition: Foundations and Outcomes, 286-308. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195368673.003.0011
  • Haynes, S. (2014). Effectiveness of communication strategies for deaf or hard of hearing workers in group settings. Work, 48(2), 193-202.
  • Haynes, S., & Linden, M. (2012). Workplace accommodations and unmet needs specific to individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 7(5), 408-415.
  • Hernandez, B., Keys, C., & Balcazar, F. (2000). Employer attitudes toward workers with disabilities and their ADA employment rights: A literature review. JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION-WASHINGTON-, 66(4), 4-16.
  • Hernandez, B., McDonald, K., Divilbiss, M., Horin, E., Velcoff, J., & Donoso, O. (2008). Reflections from employers on the disabled workforce: Focus groups with healthcare, hospitality and retail administrators. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 20(3), 157-164.
  • ILO. (2007). Equality at Work: Tackling the Challenges: Global Report Under the Follow-up to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (Vol. 1). International Labour Office. Director-General: International Labour Organization.
  • ILO. (2015). World employment and social outlook: trends 2015. ILO, Geneva:
  • ILO. (2017). World employment and social outlook: Trends 2017.
  • lnge, K. (2008). Customized employment. Journal of vocational rehabilitation, 28(3), 133-134.
  • Jans, L. H., Kaye, H. S., & Jones, E. C. (2012). Getting hired: Successfully employed people with disabilities offer advice on disclosure, interviewing, and job search. Journal of occupational rehabilitation, 22(2), 155-165.
  • Jasper, C. R., & Waldhart, P. (2012). Retailer perceptions on hiring prospective employees with disabilities. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 19(1), 116-123.
  • Joshi, B., & Thomas, B. (2019). Barriers Faced by Persons with Disabilities in Formal Employment in India. Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development, 30(3), 125-132.
  • Kaye, H. S., Jans, L. H., & Jones, E. C. (2011). Why don't employers hire and retain workers with disabilities? Journal of occupational rehabilitation, 21(4), 526-536.
  • Khoo, S. L., Tiun, L. T., & Lee, L. W. (2013a). Unseen challenges, unheard voices, unspoken desires: Experiences of employment by Malaysians with physical disabilities. Kajian Malaysia: Journal of Malaysian Studies, 31(1).
  • Khoo, S. L., Tiun, L. T., & Lee, L. W. (2013b). Workplace discrimination against Malaysians with disabilities: Living with it or fighting against it? Disability Studies Quarterly, 33(3).
  • Kramer, S. E. (2008). Hearing impairment, work, and vocational enablement. International Journal of Audiology, 47(sup2), S124-S130.
  • Kulkarni, M., & Kote, J. (2014). Increasing employment of people with disabilities: The role and views of disability training and placement agencies. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 26(3), 177-193.
  • Kulkarni, M., & Lengnick-Hall, M. L. (2014). Obstacles to success in the workplace for people with disabilities: A review and research agenda. Human Resource Development Review, 13(2), 158-180.
  • Kulkarni, M., & Lengnick‐Hall, M. L. (2011). Socialization of people with disabilities in the workplace. Human Resource Management, 50(4), 521-540.
  • Lengnick‐Hall, M. L., Gaunt, P. M., & Kulkarni, M. (2008). Overlooked and underutilized: People with disabilities are an untapped human resource. Human Resource Management: Published in Cooperation with the School of Business Administration, The University of Michigan and in alliance with the Society of Human Resources Management, 47(2), 255-273.
  • Luft, P. (2000). Communication barriers for deaf employees: Needs assessment and problem-solving strategies. Work, 14(1), 51-59.
  • Madera, J. M., & Hebl, M. R. (2012). Discrimination against facially stigmatized applicants in interviews: an eye- tracking and face-to-face investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(2), 317.
  • Marschark, M., Morrison, C., Lukomski, J., Borgna, G., & Convertino, C. (2013). Are deaf students visual? Learning and Individual Differences, 25, 156-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2013.02.006
  • Marrone, J., & Golowka, E. (1999). If work makes people with mental illness sick, what do unemployment, poverty, and social isolation cause? Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 23(2), 187.
  • Michael, R., & Zidan, H. M. (2018). Differences in self-advocacy among hard of hearing and typical hearing students. Research in developmental disabilities, 72, 118-127.
  • Mishra, A., Nagarkar, A. N., & Nagarkar, N. M. (2018). Challenges in Education and Employment for Hearing Impaired in India. Journal of Disability Management and Special Education, 1(1), 35.
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  • Naraine, M. D., & Lindsay, P. H. (2011). Social inclusion of employees who are blind or low vision. Disability & Society, 26(4), 389-403.
  • Noor, A. A. M., Manaf, A., & Isa, M. F. M. (2018). Qualities of employees with disabilities in organization: Exploring evidence from Malaysian employers. Int. J. Account, 3, 32-43.
  • Perkins-Dock Ph D, R. E., Battle MS, T. R., Edgerton MS, J. M., & McNeill MS, J. N. (2015). A survey of barriers to employment for individuals who are deaf. JADARA, 49(2), 3.
  • Punch, R. (2016). Employment and adults who are deaf or hard of hearing: Current status and experiences of barriers, accommodations, and stress in the workplace. American annals of the deaf, 161(3), 384-397.
  • Punch, R., & Duncan, J. (2020). A Model of Targeted Transition Planning for Adolescents who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing. Deafness & Education International, 1-16.
  • Punch, R., Hyde, M., & Creed, P. A. (2004). Issues in the school-to-work transition of hard of hearing adolescents. American Annals of the Deaf, 149(1), 28-38.
  • Punch, R., Hyde, M., & Power, D. (2007). Career and workplace experiences of Australian university graduates who are deaf or hard of hearing. Journal of deaf studies and deaf education, 12(4), 504-517
  • Ramiah, A. A., Schmid, K., Hewstone, M., & Floe, C. (2015). Why are all the W hite (A sian) kids sitting together in the cafeteria? Resegregation and the role of intergroup attributions and norms. British Journal of Social Psychology, 54(1), 100-124.
  • Roberts, M. V. (2010). Dualities: A theology of difference: Westminster John Knox Press.
  • Scherich, D., & Mowry, R. L. (2019). Accommodations in the Workplace for People who are Hard of Hearing: Perceptions of Employees. JADARA, 31(1), 6
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  • Agomoh, O. E., & Kanu, S. A. (2011). Introduction to psychology of special needs children: Understanding special needs education. Port Harcourt: Kanissi Books
  • Baldridge, D. C., & Swift, M. L. (2016). Age and assessments of disability accommodation request normative appropriateness. Human Resource Management, 55(3), 385-400.
  • Bredgaard, T., & Salado-Rasmussen, J. (2020). Attitudes and behaviour of employers to recruiting persons with disabilities. Alter, 15(1), 61-70.
  • Bruyère, S. M. (2000). Civil rights and employment issues of disability policy. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 11(1), 18-28.
  • Bruyère, S. M., Van Looy, S. A., & Peterson, D. B. (2005). The international classification of functioning, disability and health: Contemporary literature overview. Rehabilitation Psychology, 50(2), 113.
  • Buckup, S. (2009). The price of exclusion: the economic consequences of excluding people with disabilities from the world of work.
  • Danermark, B., & Gellerstedt, L. C. (2004). Psychosocial work environment, hearing impairment and health. International journal of audiology, 43(7), 383-389.
  • Domzal, C., Houtenville, A., & Sharma, R. (2008). Survey of employer perspectives on the employment of people with disabilities: Technical report: Office of Disability Employment Policy, Department of Labor
  • DSW. (1981). Disabled Persons' (Employment and Rehabilitation) Ordinance Pakistan. doi: https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/50075/97325/F1697756412/PAK50075.pdf
  • Emmett, S. D., & Francis, H. W. (2015). The socioeconomic impact of hearing loss in US adults. Otology & neurotology: official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology, 36(3), 545.
  • Foster, S., & MacLeod, J. (2003). Deaf people at work: Assessment of communication among deaf and hearing persons in work settings. International journal of audiology, 42, S128-S139.
  • Fraser, R., Ajzen, I., Johnson, K., Hebert, J., & Chan, F. (2011). Understanding employers' hiring intention in relation to qualified workers with disabilities. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 35(1), 1-11.
  • Fredeen, K. J., Martin, K., Birch, G., & Wafer, M. (2013). Rethinking disability in the private sector. Panel on Labour Market Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities, 28.
  • Fusick, L. (2008). Serving clients with hearing loss: Best practices in mental health counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 86(1), 102-110.
  • Garberoglio, C. L., Dickson, D., Cawthon, S., & Bond, M. (2015). Bridging the communication divide: CMC and deaf individuals' literacy skills. Language Learning & Technology, 19(2), 118-133.
  • Garberoglio, C. L., Schoffstall, S., Cawthon, S., Bond, M., & Ge, J. (2014). The role of self-beliefs in predicting postschool outcomes for deaf young adults. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 26(6), 667-688.
  • Garske, G. G., & Stewart, J. R. (1999). Stigmatic and Mythical Thinking: Barriers to Vocational Rehabilitation Services for Persons with Severe Mental Illness. Journal of Rehabilitation, 65(4).
  • Gergen, K. J., McNamee, S., & Barrett, F. J. (2001). Toward transformative dialogue. International journal of public administration, 24(7-8), 679-707.
  • Giddens, E. (2009). Teaching written language to students who are deaf or hard of hearing. http://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/pacs_capstones/186
  • Gignac, M. A., Kristman, V., Smith, P. M., Beaton, D. E., Badley, E. M., Ibrahim, S., & Mustard, C. A. (2018). Are there differences in workplace accommodation needs, use and unmet needs among older workers with arthritis, diabetes and no chronic conditions? Examining the role of health and work context. Work, aging and retirement, 4(4), 381-398.
  • Gini, G., Carli, G., & Pozzoli, T. (2009). Social support, peer victimization, and somatic complaints: A mediational analysis. Journal of paediatrics and child health, 45(6), 358-363.
  • Granberg, S., Pronk, M., Swanepoel, D. W., Kramer, S. E., Hagsten, H., Hjaldahl, J., . . . Danermark, B. (2014). The ICF core sets for hearing loss project: functioning and disability from the patient perspective. International Journal of Audiology, 53(11), 777-786.
  • Hauser, P. C., Lukomski, J., & Hillman, T. (2008). Development of deaf and hard-of-hearing students' executive function. Deaf cognition: Foundations and Outcomes, 286-308. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195368673.003.0011
  • Haynes, S. (2014). Effectiveness of communication strategies for deaf or hard of hearing workers in group settings. Work, 48(2), 193-202.
  • Haynes, S., & Linden, M. (2012). Workplace accommodations and unmet needs specific to individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 7(5), 408-415.
  • Hernandez, B., Keys, C., & Balcazar, F. (2000). Employer attitudes toward workers with disabilities and their ADA employment rights: A literature review. JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION-WASHINGTON-, 66(4), 4-16.
  • Hernandez, B., McDonald, K., Divilbiss, M., Horin, E., Velcoff, J., & Donoso, O. (2008). Reflections from employers on the disabled workforce: Focus groups with healthcare, hospitality and retail administrators. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 20(3), 157-164.
  • ILO. (2007). Equality at Work: Tackling the Challenges: Global Report Under the Follow-up to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (Vol. 1). International Labour Office. Director-General: International Labour Organization.
  • ILO. (2015). World employment and social outlook: trends 2015. ILO, Geneva:
  • ILO. (2017). World employment and social outlook: Trends 2017.
  • lnge, K. (2008). Customized employment. Journal of vocational rehabilitation, 28(3), 133-134.
  • Jans, L. H., Kaye, H. S., & Jones, E. C. (2012). Getting hired: Successfully employed people with disabilities offer advice on disclosure, interviewing, and job search. Journal of occupational rehabilitation, 22(2), 155-165.
  • Jasper, C. R., & Waldhart, P. (2012). Retailer perceptions on hiring prospective employees with disabilities. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 19(1), 116-123.
  • Joshi, B., & Thomas, B. (2019). Barriers Faced by Persons with Disabilities in Formal Employment in India. Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development, 30(3), 125-132.
  • Kaye, H. S., Jans, L. H., & Jones, E. C. (2011). Why don't employers hire and retain workers with disabilities? Journal of occupational rehabilitation, 21(4), 526-536.
  • Khoo, S. L., Tiun, L. T., & Lee, L. W. (2013a). Unseen challenges, unheard voices, unspoken desires: Experiences of employment by Malaysians with physical disabilities. Kajian Malaysia: Journal of Malaysian Studies, 31(1).
  • Khoo, S. L., Tiun, L. T., & Lee, L. W. (2013b). Workplace discrimination against Malaysians with disabilities: Living with it or fighting against it? Disability Studies Quarterly, 33(3).
  • Kramer, S. E. (2008). Hearing impairment, work, and vocational enablement. International Journal of Audiology, 47(sup2), S124-S130.
  • Kulkarni, M., & Kote, J. (2014). Increasing employment of people with disabilities: The role and views of disability training and placement agencies. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 26(3), 177-193.
  • Kulkarni, M., & Lengnick-Hall, M. L. (2014). Obstacles to success in the workplace for people with disabilities: A review and research agenda. Human Resource Development Review, 13(2), 158-180.
  • Kulkarni, M., & Lengnick‐Hall, M. L. (2011). Socialization of people with disabilities in the workplace. Human Resource Management, 50(4), 521-540.
  • Lengnick‐Hall, M. L., Gaunt, P. M., & Kulkarni, M. (2008). Overlooked and underutilized: People with disabilities are an untapped human resource. Human Resource Management: Published in Cooperation with the School of Business Administration, The University of Michigan and in alliance with the Society of Human Resources Management, 47(2), 255-273.
  • Luft, P. (2000). Communication barriers for deaf employees: Needs assessment and problem-solving strategies. Work, 14(1), 51-59.
  • Madera, J. M., & Hebl, M. R. (2012). Discrimination against facially stigmatized applicants in interviews: an eye- tracking and face-to-face investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(2), 317.
  • Marschark, M., Morrison, C., Lukomski, J., Borgna, G., & Convertino, C. (2013). Are deaf students visual? Learning and Individual Differences, 25, 156-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2013.02.006
  • Marrone, J., & Golowka, E. (1999). If work makes people with mental illness sick, what do unemployment, poverty, and social isolation cause? Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 23(2), 187.
  • Michael, R., & Zidan, H. M. (2018). Differences in self-advocacy among hard of hearing and typical hearing students. Research in developmental disabilities, 72, 118-127.
  • Mishra, A., Nagarkar, A. N., & Nagarkar, N. M. (2018). Challenges in Education and Employment for Hearing Impaired in India. Journal of Disability Management and Special Education, 1(1), 35.
  • MSWSE. (2002). National Policy for Persons with Disabilities, Pakistan. doi: http://pspmr.org/wp- content/uploads/2016/11/3-National-Policy-for-Persons-with-Disabilities-2002.pdf
  • MSWSE. (2006). National Plan of Action 2006, To implement the National Policy for Person with Disabilities. doi: https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2019/10/Pakistan_National-Plan-of-Action-to-implement-the-National-Policy- for-Persons-with-Disabilities-2006-–-2011.pdf
  • Nachtegaal, J., Kuik, D. J., Anema, J. R., Goverts, S. T., Festen, J. M., & Kramer, S. E. (2009). Hearing status, need for recovery after work, and psychosocial work characteristics: Results from an internet-based national survey on hearing. International journal of audiology, 48(10), 684-691.
  • Naraine, M. D., & Lindsay, P. H. (2011). Social inclusion of employees who are blind or low vision. Disability & Society, 26(4), 389-403.
  • Noor, A. A. M., Manaf, A., & Isa, M. F. M. (2018). Qualities of employees with disabilities in organization: Exploring evidence from Malaysian employers. Int. J. Account, 3, 32-43.
  • Perkins-Dock Ph D, R. E., Battle MS, T. R., Edgerton MS, J. M., & McNeill MS, J. N. (2015). A survey of barriers to employment for individuals who are deaf. JADARA, 49(2), 3.
  • Punch, R. (2016). Employment and adults who are deaf or hard of hearing: Current status and experiences of barriers, accommodations, and stress in the workplace. American annals of the deaf, 161(3), 384-397.
  • Punch, R., & Duncan, J. (2020). A Model of Targeted Transition Planning for Adolescents who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing. Deafness & Education International, 1-16.
  • Punch, R., Hyde, M., & Creed, P. A. (2004). Issues in the school-to-work transition of hard of hearing adolescents. American Annals of the Deaf, 149(1), 28-38.
  • Punch, R., Hyde, M., & Power, D. (2007). Career and workplace experiences of Australian university graduates who are deaf or hard of hearing. Journal of deaf studies and deaf education, 12(4), 504-517
  • Ramiah, A. A., Schmid, K., Hewstone, M., & Floe, C. (2015). Why are all the W hite (A sian) kids sitting together in the cafeteria? Resegregation and the role of intergroup attributions and norms. British Journal of Social Psychology, 54(1), 100-124.
  • Roberts, M. V. (2010). Dualities: A theology of difference: Westminster John Knox Press.
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Cite this article

    APA : Abbas, F., Anis, F., & Ayaz, M. (2019). Employment Barriers for Persons with Hearing Impairment in the Job Market: Employers' Perspectives. Global Social Sciences Review, IV(III), 421-432. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).53
    CHICAGO : Abbas, Faiza, Faisal Anis, and Mohammad Ayaz. 2019. "Employment Barriers for Persons with Hearing Impairment in the Job Market: Employers' Perspectives." Global Social Sciences Review, IV (III): 421-432 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).53
    HARVARD : ABBAS, F., ANIS, F. & AYAZ, M. 2019. Employment Barriers for Persons with Hearing Impairment in the Job Market: Employers' Perspectives. Global Social Sciences Review, IV, 421-432.
    MHRA : Abbas, Faiza, Faisal Anis, and Mohammad Ayaz. 2019. "Employment Barriers for Persons with Hearing Impairment in the Job Market: Employers' Perspectives." Global Social Sciences Review, IV: 421-432
    MLA : Abbas, Faiza, Faisal Anis, and Mohammad Ayaz. "Employment Barriers for Persons with Hearing Impairment in the Job Market: Employers' Perspectives." Global Social Sciences Review, IV.III (2019): 421-432 Print.
    OXFORD : Abbas, Faiza, Anis, Faisal, and Ayaz, Mohammad (2019), "Employment Barriers for Persons with Hearing Impairment in the Job Market: Employers' Perspectives", Global Social Sciences Review, IV (III), 421-432
    TURABIAN : Abbas, Faiza, Faisal Anis, and Mohammad Ayaz. "Employment Barriers for Persons with Hearing Impairment in the Job Market: Employers' Perspectives." Global Social Sciences Review IV, no. III (2019): 421-432. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).53