REINTEGRATION OF RETURNEE MIGRANTS A CASE STUDY OF NEO CITIZENRY IN POTOHAR REGION OF PAKISTAN

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).08      10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).08      Published : Mar 1
Authored by : MahwishZeeshan , AneelaSultana

08 Pages : 73-83

References

  • Anderson, S. (2019, January 2). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from www.forbes.com: https://www.forbes.com/sites/stuartanderson. https://www.forbes.com/sites/stuartanderson/2019/01/02/whatto-expect-on-immigration-in-2019/
  • Anthony, D. W. (1990). Migration in Archeology: The Baby and the Bathwater. American Anthropologist, 92 (4), 895-914.
  • Arango, J. (2000). Explaining migration: A critical view. International Social Science Journal, 52 (165), 283-296.
  • Baker, B. J., & Takeyuki, T. (2015). Introduction: Bridging the past and present in assessing migration. In B. J. Baker, & T. Tsuda, Migration and disruptions: Toward a unifying theory of ancient and contemporary migrations. Gainesville: University Press of Florida
  • Becker, H. S., & Geer, a. B. (1957). Participant observation and interviewing: A comparison. Human Organization, 16 (3), 28-32.
  • Beekman, C. S., & Alexander, C. F. (2003). Controlling for doubt and uncertainty through multiple lines of evidence: A new look at the Mesoamerican Nahua migrations. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 10 (2), 111-164.
  • Bernard, H. R. (2006). Research methods in Anthropology (4th ed.). USA: Alta Mira Press
  • Blaxter, L. (2010). How to research. UK: McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Bowles, G. K., Calvin, L. B., & Everett, S. L. (1975). Calvin Lunsford Beale, and Everett S. Lee.
  • Bryman, A. (2005). Research methods and organization studies. New York: Routledge.
  • Cassarino, J. P. (2008). Return migrants to the Maghreb, Reintegration and development challenges. San Domenico: European University Institute (EUI), Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies.
  • Cassarino, J.-P. (2004). Theorising return migration: The conceptual approach to return migrants revisited. International Journal on Muticultural Societies , 2, 253-279.
  • Castles, S., Haas, H. d., & Miller, M. J. (2013). The age of migration (5th ed.). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Chaudhry, A. G., & Zeeshan, M. (2019). Migration's Impacts on Diminishing Lingual Heritage. Global Language Review , 4 (1), 60-65.
  • Clark, J. J. (2011). Disappearance and diaspora: Contrasting two migrations in the Southern U.S.Southwest. In G. J. Cabana, & J. J. Clark, Rethinking Anthropological Perspectives on Migration (pp. 84-107). Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). New York: Sage Publications
  • De Haas, H. (2010). Migration and development: A theoretical perspective 1. International Migration Review , 44 (1), 227-264.
  • Dickinson, E. (2017). Globalisation and Migration: A world in motion. (S. B. Manfred, & T. Carver, Eds.) Lanham: Rowmann & Littlefield.
  • Duff, A. (1998). The Process of Migration in the Late Prehistoric Southwest. In K. A. Spielmann, Migration and Reorganization: The Pueblo IV Period in the American Southwest (Vol. 51, pp. 31-54). Arizona: Arizona State University.
  • Duplouy, A. (2018). Defining citizenship in archaic Greece. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Faist, T. (2000). The volume and dynamics of international migration and transnational social spaces. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Fawcett, J. T., & Arnold, F. (1987). 19: Explaining diversity: Asian and Pacific immigration systems. Center for Migration Studies, 5 (3), 453-473.
  • Festinger, L., Riecken, H. W., & Schachter, S. (1956). When Prophecy Fails. New York: Harper and Row.
  • Fielding, N. G., & Lee, F. R. (1998). Computer analysis and qualitative research. UK: Sage Publications.
  • Fussell, E., & Massey, D. S. (204). The limits to cumulative causation: International migration from Mexican urban areas. Demography, 41 (1), 151-171.
  • G.Burgess, R. (2006). In the field; An introduction to the field research. London: Routledge.
  • Gibney, M. J. (2008). Who should be included? Noncitizens, Conflict and the constitution of the citizenry. In J. Steward (Ed.), Horizontal inequalities and conflict: Conflict, Inequality and ethnicity. (pp. 25-40). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Gold, R. L. (1958). Roles in Sociological Field Observation. Social Forces. , 36 (3), 217-213.
  • Goldbart, J., & Hustler, D. (2005). Ethnography. In B. Somekh, & C. Lewin (Eds.), Research Methods in Social Sciences. London: Sage Publications.
  • Graham, H., & Hughes, D. (1995). Research and the Teacher: A Qualitative Introduction to Schoolbased Research (2nd ed.). London: Rout ledge.
  • Grbich, C. (2004). New Approaches in Social Research. London: Sage Publications.
  • Grigg, D. B. (1977). E. G Ravenstein and the
  • Hagen-Zanker, J. (2008). Why do people migrate? A review of the theoretical literature.
  • Hawthin, M., & Smith, P. J. (2007). Community profiling; a practical guide (2nd ed.). Berkshire: Open University Press.
  • Hussain, M. K., Zeeshan, M., & Houswitschka, C. (2019). Agha Shahid Ali: Hyphenated Identities as a Tool for Understanding the Diasporic Sensibility. IV(II):19-24. GLR-Global Language Review, 4 (2), 19-24.
  • International Organisation for Migration. (2015). Reintegration; Effective appraoches. Geneva: International Organisation for Migration (IOM).
  • International Organistaion for Migration. (2006). IOM Policy Brief. Integration in Today's World. Retrieved from http://www.iom.ch/jahia/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/shared/mainsite/policy_and_researc h/policy_documents/policy_brief_1.pdf
  • International Organization for Migration. (2019). International migraton law: Glossary on Migration. Geneva: IOM-UN.
  • Iqbal, S. A. (2007). Earning the ashes; An ethnography of return migrants in Punjab. Lahore: Academia Publishers.
  • Jennissen, R. P. (2004). Macro-economic determinants of international migration in Europe. Rozenberg Publishers.
  • Johnston, R. J. (1981). Applied geography, quantitative analysis and ideology. Applied Geography, 1 (3), 213-219.
  • Karatani, R. (2004). Defining British Citizenship: Empire, Commonwealth and Modern Britain. London: Routledge.
  • Kasby, A. (2012). The right to have rights: Citizenship, Humanity, and International law. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Khan, F. R., Shafiq, S., & Qadeer, A. (2019). The Autobiographic Discursive Construction of Immigrant Identity: A Discourse Historical Analysis of 'My Life's Journey. Global Social Sciences Review, 4 (4), 324-330.
  • Koser, K., & Kuschminder, K. (2015). Comparative Research on the assisted voluntary return and reintegration of migrants. Geneva: International Organization for Migration.
  • Kourkoula, A. P. (2008). Transit migration: The missing link between emigration and settlement. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Kritz, M. M., Lim, L. L., & Zlotnik, H. (1992). International migration systems: a global approach. USA: Oxford University Press.
  • L.Cohen, Manion, L., & Morrison., K. (2007). Research methods in education. New York, USA: Routledge.
  • Lee, E. S. (1966). A theory of migration. Demography, 3 (1), 47-57.
  • Lewis, A. W. (1954). Economic development with unlimited supplies of labour. The Manchester School, 22 (2), 139-191.
  • Máiréad, D., Pryor, J., & Yates, P. (2005). Becoming a researcher; a research companion for the social sciences. New York: Open University Press.
  • Massey, D. S. (1990). Social structure, household strategies, and the cumulative causation of migration. Population Index , 56 (1) , 3-26.
  • Massey, D. S., & Durand, J. L. (1994). Continuities in transnational migration: An analysis of nineteen Mexican communities. American Journal of Sociology, 99 (6), 1492-1533.
  • Massey, D. S., Hugo, G. A., Arango, J., Kouaouci, A., Pellegrino, A., & Taylor, J. E. (1993). Theories of international migration: A review and appraisal. Population and Development Review, 19 (3), 431-466.
  • McAuliffe, M., & Ruhs, M. (2018). World Migration Report 2018. Geneva: International Organisation for Migration.
  • Mikkelsen, B. (2005). Methods for development work and research: A new guide for practitioners (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Sage Publications.
  • Mustafa, A. u., Murtaza, G., & Bhatti, S. (2019). Tripartite Globalization in Afghanistan in Rahman's In The Light Of What We Know. Global Social Sciences Review, 4 (4), 1-7.
  • Naerssen, T. V., Spaan, E., & Zoome, A. (2008). Global migration and development. London: Rout ledge.
  • Neuman, W. L. (2007). Basics of social research; Qualitative and quantitative approaches (2nd ed.). Boston: Pearsons
  • Nordquist, R. (2017, October 3). . Retrieved September 7, 2018, from https://www.thoughtco.com/emigrate-and-immigrate-1689373 www.thoughtco.com.
  • O'Rourke, D. H. (2012). Why do we migrate? A retrospective. In C. H. Michael, & C. Benjamin, Causes and consequences of human: An evolutionary perspective (pp. 527-536). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Open Mgration. (2019, June 25). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://openmigration.org/en/web-review. www.openmigration.org: https://openmigration.org/en/web-review/the-10-best-articleson-refugees-and-migration-25-2019/
  • Passaris, C. (1989). Immigration and the evolution of economic theory. International Migration , 27 (4), 525-542.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd Edition ed.). California: Sage Publications.
  • Pelto, P. J., & Pelto., G. H. (1978). Anthropological research: The structure of inquiry. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Prakash, N. (2009). The development impact of workers' remittances in Fiji'. Palmerston, New Zealand: Massey University (Unpublished Masters Thesis).
  • Rasul, S., Khan, A., & Mazhar, S. (2019). Politics of Identity: The Face of Islam in the International EMedia. GLR-Global Language Review, 4 (2), 67-77.
  • Robert, B., & Taylor, S. J. (1975). Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods. New York: Wiley.
  • Robertson, R. (2012). Globalisation or glocalisation? The Journal of International Communication, , 18 (2), 191-208.
  • Rostow, W. W. (London). The stages of growth: A non-communist manifesto. 1960: Cambridge University Press.
  • Seidman, I. (2006). Interviewing as qualitative research (3rd Edition ed.). New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Seligar, H. W., Elana, S., & Elana., G. S. (2001). Second language research methods (6th Edition ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Shachar, A. (2014). Introduction: Citizenship and the ‘right to have rights'. Citizenship Studies, 18 (2), 114-124.
  • Simrad, M., & Jentsch, B. (2009). Introduction: Key issues in contemporary rural immigration. In B. Jentsch, & M. Simard (Eds.), International migration and rural areas: Cross-national comparative perspectives (pp. 1-16). England: Ashgate Publishing Company.
  • Singer, A., & Massey, D. S. (1998). The social process of undocumented border crossing among Mexican migrants. International Migration Review, 32 (3), 561-592.
  • Skeldon, R. (1990). Population mobility in developing countries. Mississippi: Belhaven Press.
  • Stark, O. (1991). Migration in LDCs: risk, remittances, and the family. Finance and Development, 28 (4), 39.
  • Stouffer, S. A. (1940). Intervening opportunities: A theory relating mobility and distance. American Sociological Review, 5 (6), 845-867.
  • Taylor, S., Robert, J. B., & Majorie., L. D. (2016). Introduction to qualitative research methods (4th Edition ed.). New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Todaro, M. P. (1969). A model of labor migration and urban unemployment in less developed countries. The American Economic Review, 59 (1), 138-148.
  • Tsuda, T. (2011). Modern Perspectives on Ancient Migrations. In G. S. Cabana, & J. J. Clark, Rethinking Anthropological Perspectives (pp. 313-338). Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
  • UNDP. (1998). Recommendations on Statistics of International. New York: United Nations Statistics Division Migration, Revision 1.
  • UNESCAP. (2007). Perspectives of gender and migration. Proceedings of the Regional Seminar on Strengthening the Capacity of National Machineries for Gender Equality to Shape Migration Policies and Protect Migrant Women
  • UNHCR. (2004). Handbook for repatriation and reintegration activities. Geneva: UNHCR.
  • United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2012). Migrants by origin and destination: The role of South-South migration. Population fact 2012/13. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
  • United Nations. (2016). International Migration. United Nations.
  • Van-Manen, M. (1990). Researching lived experience: Human science for an action sensitive pedagogy. London: The University of Western Ontario Press.
  • Vaus, D. A. (2002). Surveys in Social Research (5th ed.). Australia: Allen and Unwin. NSW.
  • Vertovec, S. (2010). Anthropology of Migration and Multiculturalism: New Directions. London: Routledge.
  • Warner, D. (1994). Voluntary repatriation and the meaning of return to home: A critique of liberal Mathematics. Journal of Refugee Studies, 7 (2-3), 160-174.
  • Wickramasinghe, A. A., & Wimalaratana, W. (2016). International migration and migration theories. Social Affairs, 1 (5), 13-32.
  • Wiest, R. E., Hammar, T., Brochmann, G., Tamas, K., & Faist, T. (2000). International migration, Immobility & development: Multidisciplinary perspectives. Anthropologica , 42 (1), 107.
  • Williams, M. (2001). Complexity, Probability and causation: Implications for homelessness research. Social Issues, 10-15.
  • Wood, C. H. (1982). Equilibrium and historical-structural perspectives on migration. International Migration Review, 16 (2), 298-319.
  • Woodside, A. G. (2010). Case Study Research (1st Edition ed.). UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  • Anderson, S. (2019, January 2). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from www.forbes.com: https://www.forbes.com/sites/stuartanderson. https://www.forbes.com/sites/stuartanderson/2019/01/02/whatto-expect-on-immigration-in-2019/
  • Anthony, D. W. (1990). Migration in Archeology: The Baby and the Bathwater. American Anthropologist, 92 (4), 895-914.
  • Arango, J. (2000). Explaining migration: A critical view. International Social Science Journal, 52 (165), 283-296.
  • Baker, B. J., & Takeyuki, T. (2015). Introduction: Bridging the past and present in assessing migration. In B. J. Baker, & T. Tsuda, Migration and disruptions: Toward a unifying theory of ancient and contemporary migrations. Gainesville: University Press of Florida
  • Becker, H. S., & Geer, a. B. (1957). Participant observation and interviewing: A comparison. Human Organization, 16 (3), 28-32.
  • Beekman, C. S., & Alexander, C. F. (2003). Controlling for doubt and uncertainty through multiple lines of evidence: A new look at the Mesoamerican Nahua migrations. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 10 (2), 111-164.
  • Bernard, H. R. (2006). Research methods in Anthropology (4th ed.). USA: Alta Mira Press
  • Blaxter, L. (2010). How to research. UK: McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Bowles, G. K., Calvin, L. B., & Everett, S. L. (1975). Calvin Lunsford Beale, and Everett S. Lee.
  • Bryman, A. (2005). Research methods and organization studies. New York: Routledge.
  • Cassarino, J. P. (2008). Return migrants to the Maghreb, Reintegration and development challenges. San Domenico: European University Institute (EUI), Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies.
  • Cassarino, J.-P. (2004). Theorising return migration: The conceptual approach to return migrants revisited. International Journal on Muticultural Societies , 2, 253-279.
  • Castles, S., Haas, H. d., & Miller, M. J. (2013). The age of migration (5th ed.). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Chaudhry, A. G., & Zeeshan, M. (2019). Migration's Impacts on Diminishing Lingual Heritage. Global Language Review , 4 (1), 60-65.
  • Clark, J. J. (2011). Disappearance and diaspora: Contrasting two migrations in the Southern U.S.Southwest. In G. J. Cabana, & J. J. Clark, Rethinking Anthropological Perspectives on Migration (pp. 84-107). Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). New York: Sage Publications
  • De Haas, H. (2010). Migration and development: A theoretical perspective 1. International Migration Review , 44 (1), 227-264.
  • Dickinson, E. (2017). Globalisation and Migration: A world in motion. (S. B. Manfred, & T. Carver, Eds.) Lanham: Rowmann & Littlefield.
  • Duff, A. (1998). The Process of Migration in the Late Prehistoric Southwest. In K. A. Spielmann, Migration and Reorganization: The Pueblo IV Period in the American Southwest (Vol. 51, pp. 31-54). Arizona: Arizona State University.
  • Duplouy, A. (2018). Defining citizenship in archaic Greece. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Faist, T. (2000). The volume and dynamics of international migration and transnational social spaces. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Fawcett, J. T., & Arnold, F. (1987). 19: Explaining diversity: Asian and Pacific immigration systems. Center for Migration Studies, 5 (3), 453-473.
  • Festinger, L., Riecken, H. W., & Schachter, S. (1956). When Prophecy Fails. New York: Harper and Row.
  • Fielding, N. G., & Lee, F. R. (1998). Computer analysis and qualitative research. UK: Sage Publications.
  • Fussell, E., & Massey, D. S. (204). The limits to cumulative causation: International migration from Mexican urban areas. Demography, 41 (1), 151-171.
  • G.Burgess, R. (2006). In the field; An introduction to the field research. London: Routledge.
  • Gibney, M. J. (2008). Who should be included? Noncitizens, Conflict and the constitution of the citizenry. In J. Steward (Ed.), Horizontal inequalities and conflict: Conflict, Inequality and ethnicity. (pp. 25-40). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Gold, R. L. (1958). Roles in Sociological Field Observation. Social Forces. , 36 (3), 217-213.
  • Goldbart, J., & Hustler, D. (2005). Ethnography. In B. Somekh, & C. Lewin (Eds.), Research Methods in Social Sciences. London: Sage Publications.
  • Graham, H., & Hughes, D. (1995). Research and the Teacher: A Qualitative Introduction to Schoolbased Research (2nd ed.). London: Rout ledge.
  • Grbich, C. (2004). New Approaches in Social Research. London: Sage Publications.
  • Grigg, D. B. (1977). E. G Ravenstein and the
  • Hagen-Zanker, J. (2008). Why do people migrate? A review of the theoretical literature.
  • Hawthin, M., & Smith, P. J. (2007). Community profiling; a practical guide (2nd ed.). Berkshire: Open University Press.
  • Hussain, M. K., Zeeshan, M., & Houswitschka, C. (2019). Agha Shahid Ali: Hyphenated Identities as a Tool for Understanding the Diasporic Sensibility. IV(II):19-24. GLR-Global Language Review, 4 (2), 19-24.
  • International Organisation for Migration. (2015). Reintegration; Effective appraoches. Geneva: International Organisation for Migration (IOM).
  • International Organistaion for Migration. (2006). IOM Policy Brief. Integration in Today's World. Retrieved from http://www.iom.ch/jahia/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/shared/mainsite/policy_and_researc h/policy_documents/policy_brief_1.pdf
  • International Organization for Migration. (2019). International migraton law: Glossary on Migration. Geneva: IOM-UN.
  • Iqbal, S. A. (2007). Earning the ashes; An ethnography of return migrants in Punjab. Lahore: Academia Publishers.
  • Jennissen, R. P. (2004). Macro-economic determinants of international migration in Europe. Rozenberg Publishers.
  • Johnston, R. J. (1981). Applied geography, quantitative analysis and ideology. Applied Geography, 1 (3), 213-219.
  • Karatani, R. (2004). Defining British Citizenship: Empire, Commonwealth and Modern Britain. London: Routledge.
  • Kasby, A. (2012). The right to have rights: Citizenship, Humanity, and International law. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Khan, F. R., Shafiq, S., & Qadeer, A. (2019). The Autobiographic Discursive Construction of Immigrant Identity: A Discourse Historical Analysis of 'My Life's Journey. Global Social Sciences Review, 4 (4), 324-330.
  • Koser, K., & Kuschminder, K. (2015). Comparative Research on the assisted voluntary return and reintegration of migrants. Geneva: International Organization for Migration.
  • Kourkoula, A. P. (2008). Transit migration: The missing link between emigration and settlement. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Kritz, M. M., Lim, L. L., & Zlotnik, H. (1992). International migration systems: a global approach. USA: Oxford University Press.
  • L.Cohen, Manion, L., & Morrison., K. (2007). Research methods in education. New York, USA: Routledge.
  • Lee, E. S. (1966). A theory of migration. Demography, 3 (1), 47-57.
  • Lewis, A. W. (1954). Economic development with unlimited supplies of labour. The Manchester School, 22 (2), 139-191.
  • Máiréad, D., Pryor, J., & Yates, P. (2005). Becoming a researcher; a research companion for the social sciences. New York: Open University Press.
  • Massey, D. S. (1990). Social structure, household strategies, and the cumulative causation of migration. Population Index , 56 (1) , 3-26.
  • Massey, D. S., & Durand, J. L. (1994). Continuities in transnational migration: An analysis of nineteen Mexican communities. American Journal of Sociology, 99 (6), 1492-1533.
  • Massey, D. S., Hugo, G. A., Arango, J., Kouaouci, A., Pellegrino, A., & Taylor, J. E. (1993). Theories of international migration: A review and appraisal. Population and Development Review, 19 (3), 431-466.
  • McAuliffe, M., & Ruhs, M. (2018). World Migration Report 2018. Geneva: International Organisation for Migration.
  • Mikkelsen, B. (2005). Methods for development work and research: A new guide for practitioners (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Sage Publications.
  • Mustafa, A. u., Murtaza, G., & Bhatti, S. (2019). Tripartite Globalization in Afghanistan in Rahman's In The Light Of What We Know. Global Social Sciences Review, 4 (4), 1-7.
  • Naerssen, T. V., Spaan, E., & Zoome, A. (2008). Global migration and development. London: Rout ledge.
  • Neuman, W. L. (2007). Basics of social research; Qualitative and quantitative approaches (2nd ed.). Boston: Pearsons
  • Nordquist, R. (2017, October 3). . Retrieved September 7, 2018, from https://www.thoughtco.com/emigrate-and-immigrate-1689373 www.thoughtco.com.
  • O'Rourke, D. H. (2012). Why do we migrate? A retrospective. In C. H. Michael, & C. Benjamin, Causes and consequences of human: An evolutionary perspective (pp. 527-536). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Open Mgration. (2019, June 25). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://openmigration.org/en/web-review. www.openmigration.org: https://openmigration.org/en/web-review/the-10-best-articleson-refugees-and-migration-25-2019/
  • Passaris, C. (1989). Immigration and the evolution of economic theory. International Migration , 27 (4), 525-542.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd Edition ed.). California: Sage Publications.
  • Pelto, P. J., & Pelto., G. H. (1978). Anthropological research: The structure of inquiry. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Prakash, N. (2009). The development impact of workers' remittances in Fiji'. Palmerston, New Zealand: Massey University (Unpublished Masters Thesis).
  • Rasul, S., Khan, A., & Mazhar, S. (2019). Politics of Identity: The Face of Islam in the International EMedia. GLR-Global Language Review, 4 (2), 67-77.
  • Robert, B., & Taylor, S. J. (1975). Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods. New York: Wiley.
  • Robertson, R. (2012). Globalisation or glocalisation? The Journal of International Communication, , 18 (2), 191-208.
  • Rostow, W. W. (London). The stages of growth: A non-communist manifesto. 1960: Cambridge University Press.
  • Seidman, I. (2006). Interviewing as qualitative research (3rd Edition ed.). New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Seligar, H. W., Elana, S., & Elana., G. S. (2001). Second language research methods (6th Edition ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Shachar, A. (2014). Introduction: Citizenship and the ‘right to have rights'. Citizenship Studies, 18 (2), 114-124.
  • Simrad, M., & Jentsch, B. (2009). Introduction: Key issues in contemporary rural immigration. In B. Jentsch, & M. Simard (Eds.), International migration and rural areas: Cross-national comparative perspectives (pp. 1-16). England: Ashgate Publishing Company.
  • Singer, A., & Massey, D. S. (1998). The social process of undocumented border crossing among Mexican migrants. International Migration Review, 32 (3), 561-592.
  • Skeldon, R. (1990). Population mobility in developing countries. Mississippi: Belhaven Press.
  • Stark, O. (1991). Migration in LDCs: risk, remittances, and the family. Finance and Development, 28 (4), 39.
  • Stouffer, S. A. (1940). Intervening opportunities: A theory relating mobility and distance. American Sociological Review, 5 (6), 845-867.
  • Taylor, S., Robert, J. B., & Majorie., L. D. (2016). Introduction to qualitative research methods (4th Edition ed.). New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Todaro, M. P. (1969). A model of labor migration and urban unemployment in less developed countries. The American Economic Review, 59 (1), 138-148.
  • Tsuda, T. (2011). Modern Perspectives on Ancient Migrations. In G. S. Cabana, & J. J. Clark, Rethinking Anthropological Perspectives (pp. 313-338). Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
  • UNDP. (1998). Recommendations on Statistics of International. New York: United Nations Statistics Division Migration, Revision 1.
  • UNESCAP. (2007). Perspectives of gender and migration. Proceedings of the Regional Seminar on Strengthening the Capacity of National Machineries for Gender Equality to Shape Migration Policies and Protect Migrant Women
  • UNHCR. (2004). Handbook for repatriation and reintegration activities. Geneva: UNHCR.
  • United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2012). Migrants by origin and destination: The role of South-South migration. Population fact 2012/13. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
  • United Nations. (2016). International Migration. United Nations.
  • Van-Manen, M. (1990). Researching lived experience: Human science for an action sensitive pedagogy. London: The University of Western Ontario Press.
  • Vaus, D. A. (2002). Surveys in Social Research (5th ed.). Australia: Allen and Unwin. NSW.
  • Vertovec, S. (2010). Anthropology of Migration and Multiculturalism: New Directions. London: Routledge.
  • Warner, D. (1994). Voluntary repatriation and the meaning of return to home: A critique of liberal Mathematics. Journal of Refugee Studies, 7 (2-3), 160-174.
  • Wickramasinghe, A. A., & Wimalaratana, W. (2016). International migration and migration theories. Social Affairs, 1 (5), 13-32.
  • Wiest, R. E., Hammar, T., Brochmann, G., Tamas, K., & Faist, T. (2000). International migration, Immobility & development: Multidisciplinary perspectives. Anthropologica , 42 (1), 107.
  • Williams, M. (2001). Complexity, Probability and causation: Implications for homelessness research. Social Issues, 10-15.
  • Wood, C. H. (1982). Equilibrium and historical-structural perspectives on migration. International Migration Review, 16 (2), 298-319.
  • Woodside, A. G. (2010). Case Study Research (1st Edition ed.). UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

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    APA : Zeeshan, M., & Sultana, A. (2020). Reintegration of Returnee Migrants: A Case Study of Neo-Citizenry in Potohar Region of Pakistan. Global Social Sciences Review, V(I), 73-83. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).08
    CHICAGO : Zeeshan, Mahwish, and Aneela Sultana. 2020. "Reintegration of Returnee Migrants: A Case Study of Neo-Citizenry in Potohar Region of Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review, V (I): 73-83 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).08
    HARVARD : ZEESHAN, M. & SULTANA, A. 2020. Reintegration of Returnee Migrants: A Case Study of Neo-Citizenry in Potohar Region of Pakistan. Global Social Sciences Review, V, 73-83.
    MHRA : Zeeshan, Mahwish, and Aneela Sultana. 2020. "Reintegration of Returnee Migrants: A Case Study of Neo-Citizenry in Potohar Region of Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review, V: 73-83
    MLA : Zeeshan, Mahwish, and Aneela Sultana. "Reintegration of Returnee Migrants: A Case Study of Neo-Citizenry in Potohar Region of Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review, V.I (2020): 73-83 Print.
    OXFORD : Zeeshan, Mahwish and Sultana, Aneela (2020), "Reintegration of Returnee Migrants: A Case Study of Neo-Citizenry in Potohar Region of Pakistan", Global Social Sciences Review, V (I), 73-83
    TURABIAN : Zeeshan, Mahwish, and Aneela Sultana. "Reintegration of Returnee Migrants: A Case Study of Neo-Citizenry in Potohar Region of Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review V, no. I (2020): 73-83. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).08