References
- Aly, Y. H., & Quisi,I. A. (1996). Determinants of women labour force participation in Kuwait: A logit analyses. The Middle East Business and Economic Review, 8(2), 1-9.
- Assaad, R., & Zouari, S. (2003). Estimating the impact of marriage and fertility on the female labor force participation when decisions are interrelated: Evidence from urban Morocco. University of Minnesota Project On Gender, Work and Family in Middle East.
- Arango, L. E., & Posada, C.E. (2007). Labor participation of Married Women in Colombia. Desarrollo y Sociedad, 60, 93-126.
- Becker, G. S. (1957). The economics of discrimination. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1st edition.
- Becker, G. S. (1965). A theory of the allocation of time. The Economic Journal, 75(299), 493-517.
- Becker, G. S. (1971). The economics of discrimination. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2ndt edition
- Bhalla, S. S., & Kaur, R. (2011) . Labour force participation of women in India: Some facts, some queries. Asia Research Centre Working Paper, London School of Economics.
- Blau, F. D. & Kahn, L. M. (1996). Wage structure and gender earnings differentials: An international comparison. Economica 63(250), 29-62.
- Bradbury, K. & Katz, J. (2005). Women's rise: A work in progress. The Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Regional Review, 14(3), 58-67.
- Bridges, S., Lawson, D., & Begum, S. (2011).Labour market outcomes in Bangladesh: The role of poverty and gender norms. European Journal of Development Research, 23.
- Ejaz, M. (2007). Determinants of female labor force participation in Pakistan: An empirical analysis of PSLM (2004-05) micro data. Lahore Journal of Economics, 12(Special Edition), 203-233.
- Ejaz. M., (2011). Labour force participation in Pakistan: An instrumental variable approach. Centre for Research in Economics and Business working paper No. 01-11.
- Faridi, M. Z., Malik, S., & Basit, A. (2009). Impact of education on female labour force participation in Pakistan: Empirical evidence from primary data analysis. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 29(1), 127-140.
- Faridi, M. Z., & Rashid, A. (2014). The correlates of educated woman's labor force participation in Pakistan: A micro-study. The Lahore Journal of Economics, 19(2),155-184.
- Farooq, M. & Sulaiman, J. (2009). Gender earnings inequality and discrimination in the Pakistani labor market.The Dialogue.4 (3), 373-385.
- Fikaa,H.B., & Sokeng, G. D. (2016). Participation of women in the economic activity in Cameroon. Sociology Study, 6(1), 28†45.
- Fuchs, J., Kubis, A., & Schneider, L. (2016). Replacement migration from a labour market perspective. Germany's long-term potential labour force and immigration from non-EU member countries. IAB-Discussion Paper 04.
- Funkhouser, E. (2006). The effect of emigration on labor market outcomes of sender households: A longitudinal approach using data from Nicaragua. Well-Being and Social Policy, 2(2), 5-25.
- Hafeez, A., & Ahmad, E. (2002). Factors determining the labor force participation decision of educated married women in a district of Punjab. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 40(1), 75-88.
- He, X. & Zhu, R. 2013. Fertility and Female Labor Force Participation: Causal Evidence from Urban China. The Manchester School, 84(5), 664-674
- Hussain, M., Anwar, S., &Haung, S. (2016).Socioeconomic and demographic factors affecting labor force participation in Pakistan. Journal of Sustainable Development, 9(4), 70-79.
- Irfan, M., Anwar,A., Akram, W., & Waqar, I. (2013). Occupational gender segregation and its determinants, an analysis of Pakistan labor force market. American Journal of Educational Research, 1(7), 221-224.
- Jadotte, E. (2009). International Migration, Remittances and Labour Supply: The Case of the Republic of Haiti. Research paper / UNU-WIDER, No. 2009.28, ISBN 978-92-9230-199-6, UNU-WIDER, Helsinki
- Lee, B. S., Jang, S., & Sarkar, J. (2008). Women labor force participation and marriage: The case of Korea. Journal of Asian Economics, 19(2), 138- 154.
- Kemal , B. & Naci, G. (2009). Female labor force participation in urbanization process: the case of Turkey. MPRA Paper No. 18249
- Klasen, S., &Pieters, J., (2015). What explains the stagnation of female labor force participation in urban India? The World Bank Economic Review, 29 (3), 449-478.
- Khan, M.Z. & Hafeez,A. (2017). Economic activities and unmarried labour. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 30(1). 985-991, DOI: 10.1080/1331677X.2017.1305805
- Khan, R. E.A., & Khan, T. (2009). Labor force participation of married women in Punjab (Pakistan). Journal of Economic and Social Research, 11(2) 2009, 77-106.
- Kanjilal-Bhaduri, S. & Pastore, F. (2017). Returns to education and female participation nexus: evidence from India. IZA Institute of Labor Economics Discussion Paper No 11209.
- Karaoglan, D., &Okten, C.(2012). Labor force participation of married women in Turkey: Is there an added or a discouraged worker effect? IZA Discussion Paper No 6616 available http://repec.iza.org/dp6616.pdf
- Malamud O, Pop-Eleches C (2010) Academic education versus vocational training: evidence from an economy in transition. Review of Economics and Statistics, 92(1), 43-60.
- Mincer, J. (1962). Inter-country comparisons of labor force trends and of related developments: An Overview. Journal of Labor Economics, 3(1).
- Naqvi, Z. F. & Shahnaz, L. (2002). How do women decide to work in Pakistan?. The Pakistan Development Review, 41(4), 495-513.
- Ntuli, M. (2007). Determinants of south african women's labour force participation, 1995-2004. Institute of Labour Studies Discussion Paper no 3119.
- Papps, K. L. (2010). Female labour supply and spousal education. IZA Discussion Paper 5348 available http://ftp.iza.org/dp5348.pdf
- Qian, N. (2008). Missing women and the price of tea in china: the effect of sexspecific earnings on sex imbalance. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123(3), 1251-1285.
- Robinson, J. (2005), Female labour force participation in the Middle East and North Africa. Wharton Research Scholars Journal, University of Pennsylvania.
- Sabir, M. & Aftab, Z. (2007).Dynamism in the gender wage gap:Evidence from Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review, 46(4), 865-882.
- Saha, O., & Kalita, M. ( 2015) . Determinants of female work participation and labour supply behaviour of urban women in Tripura: A logit estimation. Social Change and Development, 12(1), 77-87.
- Samari, G., & Pebley, A.R. (2015). Individual and household determinants of women's autonomy: recent evidence from Egypt. California Center for Population Research Working Paper, 2015-004, University of California
- Sefiddashti, S. E., Rad, E.H., Arab, M., & Bordbar, S. ( 2016). Female labor supply and fertility in Iran: A comparison between developed, semi developed and less developed regions. Iran. Journal of Public Health, 45(2), 186-193.
- Sudarshan, R. M. (2014),
- Pignatti, N., Torosyan, K., & Chitanava, M. (2016). Toothless reforms? The remarkable stability of female labor force participation in a top-reforming country.IZA Discussion Paper No. 10440.
- Torun, H. & Tumen, S. (2017). Do vocational high school graduates have better employment outcomes than general high school graduates? IZA Discussion Paper No No. 10507
- Varol, F. (2017). The determinants of labor force participation of women in Turkey: A binary logit analysis.Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 6(2), 92-108.
- Aly, Y. H., & Quisi,I. A. (1996). Determinants of women labour force participation in Kuwait: A logit analyses. The Middle East Business and Economic Review, 8(2), 1-9.
- Assaad, R., & Zouari, S. (2003). Estimating the impact of marriage and fertility on the female labor force participation when decisions are interrelated: Evidence from urban Morocco. University of Minnesota Project On Gender, Work and Family in Middle East.
- Arango, L. E., & Posada, C.E. (2007). Labor participation of Married Women in Colombia. Desarrollo y Sociedad, 60, 93-126.
- Becker, G. S. (1957). The economics of discrimination. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1st edition.
- Becker, G. S. (1965). A theory of the allocation of time. The Economic Journal, 75(299), 493-517.
- Becker, G. S. (1971). The economics of discrimination. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2ndt edition
- Bhalla, S. S., & Kaur, R. (2011) . Labour force participation of women in India: Some facts, some queries. Asia Research Centre Working Paper, London School of Economics.
- Blau, F. D. & Kahn, L. M. (1996). Wage structure and gender earnings differentials: An international comparison. Economica 63(250), 29-62.
- Bradbury, K. & Katz, J. (2005). Women's rise: A work in progress. The Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Regional Review, 14(3), 58-67.
- Bridges, S., Lawson, D., & Begum, S. (2011).Labour market outcomes in Bangladesh: The role of poverty and gender norms. European Journal of Development Research, 23.
- Ejaz, M. (2007). Determinants of female labor force participation in Pakistan: An empirical analysis of PSLM (2004-05) micro data. Lahore Journal of Economics, 12(Special Edition), 203-233.
- Ejaz. M., (2011). Labour force participation in Pakistan: An instrumental variable approach. Centre for Research in Economics and Business working paper No. 01-11.
- Faridi, M. Z., Malik, S., & Basit, A. (2009). Impact of education on female labour force participation in Pakistan: Empirical evidence from primary data analysis. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 29(1), 127-140.
- Faridi, M. Z., & Rashid, A. (2014). The correlates of educated woman's labor force participation in Pakistan: A micro-study. The Lahore Journal of Economics, 19(2),155-184.
- Farooq, M. & Sulaiman, J. (2009). Gender earnings inequality and discrimination in the Pakistani labor market.The Dialogue.4 (3), 373-385.
- Fikaa,H.B., & Sokeng, G. D. (2016). Participation of women in the economic activity in Cameroon. Sociology Study, 6(1), 28†45.
- Fuchs, J., Kubis, A., & Schneider, L. (2016). Replacement migration from a labour market perspective. Germany's long-term potential labour force and immigration from non-EU member countries. IAB-Discussion Paper 04.
- Funkhouser, E. (2006). The effect of emigration on labor market outcomes of sender households: A longitudinal approach using data from Nicaragua. Well-Being and Social Policy, 2(2), 5-25.
- Hafeez, A., & Ahmad, E. (2002). Factors determining the labor force participation decision of educated married women in a district of Punjab. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 40(1), 75-88.
- He, X. & Zhu, R. 2013. Fertility and Female Labor Force Participation: Causal Evidence from Urban China. The Manchester School, 84(5), 664-674
- Hussain, M., Anwar, S., &Haung, S. (2016).Socioeconomic and demographic factors affecting labor force participation in Pakistan. Journal of Sustainable Development, 9(4), 70-79.
- Irfan, M., Anwar,A., Akram, W., & Waqar, I. (2013). Occupational gender segregation and its determinants, an analysis of Pakistan labor force market. American Journal of Educational Research, 1(7), 221-224.
- Jadotte, E. (2009). International Migration, Remittances and Labour Supply: The Case of the Republic of Haiti. Research paper / UNU-WIDER, No. 2009.28, ISBN 978-92-9230-199-6, UNU-WIDER, Helsinki
- Lee, B. S., Jang, S., & Sarkar, J. (2008). Women labor force participation and marriage: The case of Korea. Journal of Asian Economics, 19(2), 138- 154.
- Kemal , B. & Naci, G. (2009). Female labor force participation in urbanization process: the case of Turkey. MPRA Paper No. 18249
- Klasen, S., &Pieters, J., (2015). What explains the stagnation of female labor force participation in urban India? The World Bank Economic Review, 29 (3), 449-478.
- Khan, M.Z. & Hafeez,A. (2017). Economic activities and unmarried labour. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 30(1). 985-991, DOI: 10.1080/1331677X.2017.1305805
- Khan, R. E.A., & Khan, T. (2009). Labor force participation of married women in Punjab (Pakistan). Journal of Economic and Social Research, 11(2) 2009, 77-106.
- Kanjilal-Bhaduri, S. & Pastore, F. (2017). Returns to education and female participation nexus: evidence from India. IZA Institute of Labor Economics Discussion Paper No 11209.
- Karaoglan, D., &Okten, C.(2012). Labor force participation of married women in Turkey: Is there an added or a discouraged worker effect? IZA Discussion Paper No 6616 available http://repec.iza.org/dp6616.pdf
- Malamud O, Pop-Eleches C (2010) Academic education versus vocational training: evidence from an economy in transition. Review of Economics and Statistics, 92(1), 43-60.
- Mincer, J. (1962). Inter-country comparisons of labor force trends and of related developments: An Overview. Journal of Labor Economics, 3(1).
- Naqvi, Z. F. & Shahnaz, L. (2002). How do women decide to work in Pakistan?. The Pakistan Development Review, 41(4), 495-513.
- Ntuli, M. (2007). Determinants of south african women's labour force participation, 1995-2004. Institute of Labour Studies Discussion Paper no 3119.
- Papps, K. L. (2010). Female labour supply and spousal education. IZA Discussion Paper 5348 available http://ftp.iza.org/dp5348.pdf
- Qian, N. (2008). Missing women and the price of tea in china: the effect of sexspecific earnings on sex imbalance. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123(3), 1251-1285.
- Robinson, J. (2005), Female labour force participation in the Middle East and North Africa. Wharton Research Scholars Journal, University of Pennsylvania.
- Sabir, M. & Aftab, Z. (2007).Dynamism in the gender wage gap:Evidence from Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review, 46(4), 865-882.
- Saha, O., & Kalita, M. ( 2015) . Determinants of female work participation and labour supply behaviour of urban women in Tripura: A logit estimation. Social Change and Development, 12(1), 77-87.
- Samari, G., & Pebley, A.R. (2015). Individual and household determinants of women's autonomy: recent evidence from Egypt. California Center for Population Research Working Paper, 2015-004, University of California
- Sefiddashti, S. E., Rad, E.H., Arab, M., & Bordbar, S. ( 2016). Female labor supply and fertility in Iran: A comparison between developed, semi developed and less developed regions. Iran. Journal of Public Health, 45(2), 186-193.
- Sudarshan, R. M. (2014),
- Pignatti, N., Torosyan, K., & Chitanava, M. (2016). Toothless reforms? The remarkable stability of female labor force participation in a top-reforming country.IZA Discussion Paper No. 10440.
- Torun, H. & Tumen, S. (2017). Do vocational high school graduates have better employment outcomes than general high school graduates? IZA Discussion Paper No No. 10507
- Varol, F. (2017). The determinants of labor force participation of women in Turkey: A binary logit analysis.Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 6(2), 92-108.
Cite this article
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APA : Andlib, Z., & Khan, A. H. (2018). Low Female Labor Force Participation in Pakistan: Causes and Factors. Global Social Sciences Review, III(III), 237-264. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).14
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CHICAGO : Andlib, Zubaria, and Aliya H Khan. 2018. "Low Female Labor Force Participation in Pakistan: Causes and Factors." Global Social Sciences Review, III (III): 237-264 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).14
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HARVARD : ANDLIB, Z. & KHAN, A. H. 2018. Low Female Labor Force Participation in Pakistan: Causes and Factors. Global Social Sciences Review, III, 237-264.
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MHRA : Andlib, Zubaria, and Aliya H Khan. 2018. "Low Female Labor Force Participation in Pakistan: Causes and Factors." Global Social Sciences Review, III: 237-264
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MLA : Andlib, Zubaria, and Aliya H Khan. "Low Female Labor Force Participation in Pakistan: Causes and Factors." Global Social Sciences Review, III.III (2018): 237-264 Print.
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OXFORD : Andlib, Zubaria and Khan, Aliya H (2018), "Low Female Labor Force Participation in Pakistan: Causes and Factors", Global Social Sciences Review, III (III), 237-264
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TURABIAN : Andlib, Zubaria, and Aliya H Khan. "Low Female Labor Force Participation in Pakistan: Causes and Factors." Global Social Sciences Review III, no. III (2018): 237-264. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).14